Rhodopsin-based GEVIs (Jarvis, pAce, Voltron2) can be used under two-photon ill…

Rhodopsin-based GEVIs (Jarvis, pAce, Voltron2) can be used under two-photon illumination to deliver high-SNR kilohertz action-potential detection in awake mouse cortex, with FRET-opsin GEVIs particularly benefiting from low-irradiance scanless 2P.

{
  "n": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2025.12.014",
  "claim": "Rhodopsin-based GEVIs (Jarvis, pAce, Voltron2) can be used under two-photon illumination to deliver high-SNR kilohertz action-potential detection in awake mouse cortex, with FRET-opsin GEVIs particularly benefiting from low-irradiance scanless 2P.",
  "cite_key": "Grimm2026",
  "evidence": "Provides a second, independent demonstration that 2P rhodopsin-GEVI voltage imaging works in cortex — relevant to cluster_14's voltage-imaging resolution-limit discussion.",
  "effect_size": "Kilohertz imaging rate; SNR improvement reported for scanless vs scanning 2P",
  "text_access": "abstract_only",
  "study_system": "Awake mouse cortex (also hippocampal slice, zebrafish larvae); rhodopsin-based GEVIs Jarvis, pAce, Voltron2",
  "argument_role": "supporting",
  "replication_status": "replicated",
  "claim_source_sentence": "Utilizing Jarvis and pAce, we establish high-SNR action potential detection at kilohertz imaging rates in mouse hippocampal slices, zebrafish larvae, and the cortex of awake mice, demonstrating high-contrast action potential detection under 2P illumination with rhodopsin-based GEVIs in vitro and in vivo.",
  "source_provenance_status": "non_substring_match",
  "replication_evidence_dois": [
    "10.1126/sciadv.adp5763"
  ],
  "effect_size_source_sentence": "Comparing 2P scanless with fast 2P scanning illumination revealed that responses are resolved with both approaches, but FRET-opsin GEVIs show improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with low irradiance, inherent to scanless illumination."
}

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]

Utilizing Jarvis and pAce, we establish high-SNR action potential detection at kilohertz imaging rates in mouse hippocampal slices, zebrafish larvae, and the cortex of awake mice, demonstrating high-contrast action potential detection under 2P illumination with rhodopsin-based GEVIs in vitro and in vivo.

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15. Methodological limits and emerging tools — what current mouse-cortex tools cannot yet measure about E→E recurrence (subthreshold network activity, fast plasticity in vivo, millimetre-scale dynamic connectomes), and what is on the near horizon

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