A review of cortical 'piano' all-optical experiments argues that pattern-comple…

A review of cortical 'piano' all-optical experiments argues that pattern-completion neurons — single cells whose activation triggers an entire ensemble — provide a causal link between cortical ensembles and behavior, and that holographic manipulation of cortical ensembles is now sufficient to control visual perception in mouse cortex.

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  "cite_key": "CarrilloReid2020",
  "evidence": "Review of two-photon read-write evidence for ensemble-level causal control of cortical perception.",
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The development of two-photon optical techniques to simultaneously record and activate neurons with single cell resolution ("piano" experiments) has revealed the existence of pattern completion neurons, which can trigger an entire ensemble, and demonstrated a causal relation between ensembles and behavior.

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15. Methodological limits and emerging tools — what current mouse-cortex tools cannot yet measure about E→E recurrence (subthreshold network activity, fast plasticity in vivo, millimetre-scale dynamic connectomes), and what is on the near horizon

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