An artifact-free 'opto-macroscope' delivers patterned optogenetic stimulation a…

An artifact-free 'opto-macroscope' delivers patterned optogenetic stimulation at high spatial and temporal resolution across millimeters of brain while simultaneously imaging functional neural activity, demonstrated in developing ferret visual cortex where it reactivated spatially complex endogenous networks — extending all-optical interrogation from cellular to functional-network spatial scales.

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We describe an opto-macroscope, an artifact-free, all-optical system capable of delivering patterned optogenetic stimulation with high spatial and temporal resolution across millimeters of brain while simultaneously imaging functional neural activity.

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15. Methodological limits and emerging tools — what current mouse-cortex tools cannot yet measure about E→E recurrence (subthreshold network activity, fast plasticity in vivo, millimetre-scale dynamic connectomes), and what is on the near horizon

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