Does empagliflozin's neuroprotective effect require SGLT2 presence in brain endothelial cells?

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Description

The mechanism assumes SGLT2-mediated effects, but brain endothelial SGLT2 expression is controversial and the study doesn’t confirm target engagement. This gap questions whether the protective effects are truly SGLT2-dependent or involve off-target mechanisms.

Gap type: open_question Source paper: Pre-ischaemic empagliflozin treatment attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption via β-catenin mediated protection of cerebral endothelial cells. (2025, Cardiovascular research, PMID:40173314)

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