How does nivolumab treatment paradoxically increase AXL activation while blocking immune checkpoints?

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Description

The study shows that PD-1 blockade increases intratumoral macrophages and AXL activation, suggesting an unexpected feedback mechanism. This counterintuitive finding could explain immunotherapy resistance in GBM and requires mechanistic clarification.

Gap type: unexplained_observation Source paper: Activation of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Regulates the Immune Microenvironment in Glioblastoma. (2018, Cancer research, PMID:29531161)

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