What resolves this contention: Whether offline reactivation in mouse V1 represe…

What resolves this contention: Whether offline reactivation in mouse V1 represents intrinsic cortical replay of imprinted ensembles or is driven by thalamic late responses with cortex as a follower. / Cortical neuronal ensembles are present across wake and sleep states, and visually evoked ensembles are reactivated in subsequent slow-wave sleep. / In contrast to the common assumption that the neocortical late response reflects a feedback signal from the downstream higher-order cortical areas, our pharmacological and optogenetic analyses demonstrated that the late responses likely have a thalamic origin.