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open_questions › What resolves this contention: NDNF (L1) interneurons as a parallel top-down regulator versus VIP-dependent disinhibition as the canonical top-down route / Layer 1 NDNF interneurons act as specialized top-down master regulators of cortical circuits, providing slow GABA-B inhibition onto pyramidal apical dendrites in parallel to (and partially independent of) VIP-mediated disinhibition. / Top-down disinhibition is canonically mediated by VIP→SST→pyramidal motifs, with NDNF/Lamp5 cells acting downstream/auxiliary rather than as parallel master regulators. › diff

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