Effect sizes of TMS/neuromodulation interventions for substance use disorders

{
  "title": "Effect sizes of TMS/neuromodulation interventions for substance use disorders",
  "papers": [
    {
      "n": 10020,
      "doi": "10.1101/2025.09.21.25335559",
      "value": "TMS craving: g=0.52 (CI: 0.29-0.75); consumption: g=0.41 (CI: 0.26-0.56)",
      "cite_key": "Soleimani2025",
      "condition": "NIBS protocols pooled meta-analysis",
      "scope_region": "dlPFC and other targets",
      "scope_population": "substance use disorder patients",
      "value_source_sentence": "TMS showed medium effects on craving (g = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29-0.75, p < 0.001) and consumption (g = 0.41, CI: 0.26-0.56, p < 0.001)"
    },
    {
      "n": null,
      "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.02.053",
      "value": "partial eta-squared significant (p < 0.0001)",
      "cite_key": "Li2026",
      "condition": "DLPFC rTMS vs sham and OFC stimulation",
      "scope_region": "dlPFC",
      "scope_population": "smokers",
      "value_source_sentence": "p < 0.0001, partial η2 = significant for DLPFC rTMS vs sham for smoking craving"
    },
    {
      "n": null,
      "doi": "10.15288/jsad.24-00441",
      "value": "HR = 0.54",
      "cite_key": "DeRossi2026",
      "condition": "rTMS-based treatment for cocaine use",
      "scope_region": "brain network connectivity",
      "scope_population": "cocaine use disorder patients",
      "value_source_sentence": "HR = 0.54 for delta connectivity predicting adherence to rTMS treatment"
    },
    {
      "n": null,
      "doi": "10.1155/da/6470779",
      "value": "significantly lower craving at 8th session",
      "cite_key": "Wang2026b",
      "condition": "high-frequency rTMS + exercise",
      "scope_region": "dlPFC",
      "scope_population": "substance use patients with mood disorders",
      "value_source_sentence": "significantly lower craving and higher DA levels at the 8th session"
    }
  ],
  "figure_id": "fig_sec11_tms_effect_sizes",
  "comparison": "TMS effect sizes across addiction types and protocols",
  "figure_type": "forest_plot",
  "n_definition": "Varies: participants randomized in trials, or participants included in meta-analyses",
  "taxonomic_level": "N/A",
  "homogeneity_check": "CAUTION: Studies vary in target region (dlPFC vs OFC), stimulation protocol (frequency, number of sessions), substance type (nicotine vs cocaine vs opioid), and outcome measures (craving vs use vs biomarkers). Direct comparison of effect sizes is limited by protocol heterogeneity."
}

[
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  "paper:paper-4ad4f546f867",
  "paper:paper-9019b9af2b53",
  "paper:paper-d40d68acaac2"
]

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    "Local review repositories are read-only inputs.",
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