Version history

{
  "kind": "infographic",
  "prompt": "Escalation of Drug Intake Across Extended Access Models",
  "provider": "other",
  "raw_fields": {
    "title": "Escalation of Drug Intake Across Extended Access Models",
    "papers": [
      {
        "doi": "10.1038/npp.2012.67",
        "value": "Moreover, inhibition of monoamine oxidase with daily administration of phenelzine increased nicotine",
        "cite_key": "Cohen2012b",
        "value_source_sentence": "Moreover, inhibition of monoamine oxidase with daily administration of phenelzine increased nicotine intake by ≈ 50%"
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1200392",
        "value": "Furthermore, innate high levels of motor impulsivity were associated with higher drug use and increased vulnerability to cocaine-primed reinstatement ",
        "cite_key": "Arrondeau2023",
        "value_source_sentence": "Furthermore, innate high levels of motor impulsivity were associated with higher drug use and increased vulnerability to cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking"
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1038/s41386-024-01940-0",
        "value": "We trained Long-Evans outbred rats (n = 96) to self-administer 20% ethanol, and then introduced response-contingent footshock",
        "cite_key": "McDonald2024",
        "value_source_sentence": "We trained Long-Evans outbred rats (n = 96) to self-administer 20% ethanol, and then introduced response-contingent footshock"
      }
    ],
    "n_analyzed": "Varies by study - typically subsets that met inclusion criteria",
    "description": "Comparison of escalation magnitude across different drugs and access paradigms",
    "n_definition": "Number of rats completing full extended access protocol",
    "scope_region": "Nucleus accumbens/VTA circuit (behavioral output)",
    "comparison_id": "fig1_escalation_models",
    "taxonomic_level": "Species-specific (rat)",
    "scope_population": "Male adult rats (mostly Sprague-Dawley/Wistar)",
    "homogeneity_check": {
      "caveats": [
        "Different drugs (cocaine, heroin, nicotine, methamphetamine) have different pharmacokinetics",
        "Extended access duration varies (6h, 12h, 21h per session)",
        "Number of sessions varies (10-50 days)",
        "Rat strain differences affect baseline intake",
        "Unit dose varies across studies making direct comparisons difficult"
      ],
      "comparable": false
    }
  },
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    "paper:paper-be4df6a9c802",
    "paper:paper-ecec58a8ddac",
    "paper:paper-f2268233a56e"
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  "section_title": "Animal Models of Addiction: Power, Limitations, and the Ecological Validity Problem",
  "source_policy": {
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    "notes": [
      "Local review repositories are read-only inputs.",
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}