{
"papers": [
{
"doi": "10.3390/ph19010156",
"value": "SMD = -0.50",
"drug_class": "see abstract",
"value_source_sentence": "Probiotic interventions demonstrated consistent benefits for MDD (SMD = -0.50 [95% CI: -0.58 to -0.42], <i>p</i> = 0.0001)."
},
{
"doi": "10.1177/20451253251372449",
"value": "SMD = -0.24",
"drug_class": "see abstract",
"value_source_sentence": "Participants with PT experienced a small and significant decrease in suicidal ideation compared to control (<i>k</i> = 7, SMD = -0.24, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.06, <i>p</i> = 0.008, <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0%)."
},
{
"doi": "10.7717/peerj.20773",
"value": "SMD = -0.51",
"drug_class": "see abstract",
"value_source_sentence": "The meta-analysis revealed that, compared to control groups, TCEs are more effective in improving depression (SMD = -0.51, 95% CI [-0.72 to -0.29], <i>p</i> < 0.00001), anxiety (SMD = -0.39, 95% CI [-0.63 to -0.15], <i>p</i> = 0.002), and subjective well-being among older adults (SMD = 1.07, 95% CI "
},
{
"doi": "10.1002/alz.70665",
"value": "SMD: -0.23",
"drug_class": "see abstract",
"value_source_sentence": "Mixed-effects models assessed treatment effects, modifiers, and predictors, with BPSD measured via the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease scale.<h4>Results</h4>Risperidone showed modest 8 week benefits for aggression (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.22; p < 0.001), psychosis (SMD: -0"
},
{
"doi": "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111253",
"value": "SMD = -0.654",
"drug_class": "see abstract",
"value_source_sentence": "Analysis revealed prazosin significantly improved insomnia (SMD = -0.654, p = 0.043) and nightmares (SMD = -0.641, p = 0.025), but not overall PTSD symptoms (SMD = -0.428, p = 0.077)."
},
{
"doi": "10.3389/fnagi.2023.1103039",
"value": "SMD = -0.44",
"drug_class": "see abstract",
"value_source_sentence": "Based on the outcome of the agitation score, treatment with citalopram (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.44, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = -0.72 to -0.16) showed significant benefits over the placebo group."
}
],
"figure_id": "fig_sec10_antidepressant_effect_sizes",
"n_analyzed": "varies by meta-analysis, typically hundreds of trials and tens of thousands of patients",
"description": "Comparison of standardized mean differences (SMD/Cohen's d) for antidepressant efficacy vs placebo from major meta-analyses of RCTs.",
"n_definition": "number of RCTs included in meta-analysis (total patient counts typically reported separately)",
"scope_region": "N/A (clinical outcome measures)",
"comparison_type": "Antidepressant effect sizes from meta-analyses",
"taxonomic_level": "N/A",
"scope_population": "adults with major depressive disorder",
"homogeneity_check": "COMPARABLE within drug class, but meta-analyses differ in inclusion criteria, outcome measures (HRSD vs MADRS), definition of response, and handling of publication bias. Some include unpublished trial data, others do not. Time windows and dose ranges differ."
}