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"n_analyzed": 2, "text_access": "abstract_only", "n_definition": "animals or subjects", "scope_region": "CNS", "study_system": "rats", "taxonomic_level": "molecular target", "scope_population": "ethanol-exposed", "value_source_sentence": "Adult male HAD-2 rats were given access to ethanol (15 and 30%, with ad libitum access to water and food) 22 h/day for 12 weeks, beginning at 60 days of age, after which cytisine (0.0, 0.5, and 1.5 mg/kg) was tested for 3 consecutive days.", "experimental_conditions": "These findings provide further evidence that activity at the nAChR influences ethanol intake and is " }, { "n": 157, "doi": "10.1176/appi.ajp.20250115", "value": "7.2%", "method": "various", "metric": "alcohol pharmacological action", "cite_key": "Metrik2026", "n_analyzed": 157, "text_access": "abstract_only", "n_definition": "animals or subjects", "scope_region": "CNS", "study_system": "rats", "taxonomic_level": "molecular target", "scope_population": "ethanol-exposed", "value_source_sentence": "The aim of this double-blind crossover randomized clinical trial was to examine dose-dependent acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on alcohol craving and consumption.<h4>Methods</h4>Across three experimental days, 157 participants reporting heavy alcohol use and cannabis use two or more times weekly were randomized to smoke cannabis cigarettes containing 7.2% THC, 3.1% THC, or 0.03% THC (placebo), followed by exposures to neutral and personalized alcohol cues and an alcohol choice task for alcohol self-administration.", "experimental_conditions": "<h4>Objective</h4>Cannabis use is strongly linked with heavy drinking and worse alcohol treatment ou" }, { "n": 56, "doi": "10.1038/s43856-025-01369-6", "value": null, "method": "various", "metric": "alcohol pharmacological action", "cite_key": "Farahbakhsh2026", "n_analyzed": 56, "text_access": "abstract_only", "n_definition": "animals or subjects", "scope_region": "CNS", "study_system": "mice", "taxonomic_level": "molecular target", "scope_population": "ethanol-exposed", "value_source_sentence": "After acquiring operant responding for ethanol, each subject underwent four treatment block conditions: nalmefene (0.1 mg/kg i.p.), naltrexone (1.0 mg/kg i.p.), the selective kappa opioid receptor agonist U50,488 (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) and placebo (saline 10 ml/kg i.p.).", "experimental_conditions": "A predictive model based on circulating biogenic amines allows for high accuracy classification of n" }, { "n": null, "doi": "10.1002/npr2.70033", "value": "81.5%", "method": "various", "metric": "alcohol pharmacological action", "cite_key": "Masataka2025", "n_analyzed": null, "text_access": "abstract_only", "n_definition": "animals or subjects", "scope_region": "CNS", "study_system": "human", "taxonomic_level": "molecular target", "scope_population": "ethanol-exposed", "value_source_sentence": "A Sankey diagram visualized substance use progression, and odds ratios were calculated to assess the likelihood of using other substances following cannabis use.<h4>Results</h4>Of all respondents, 81.5% were male, with the largest age group being 20-24.", "experimental_conditions": "Odds for subsequent use of alcohol, tobacco, methamphetamine, and other illicit drugs after cannabis" } ], "comparison_id": "fig_sec5_alcohol_multitarget", "comparison_type": "pharmacological_comparison", "homogeneity_check": { "caveats": [ "Different molecular targets assessed with different methodologies", "Dose-response relationships differ across targets", "Acute vs chronic effects are often conflated in comparisons" ], "comparable": true, "n_definition": "varies by study", "scope_region": "multiple brain regions", "taxonomic_level": "molecular target", "scope_population": "ethanol-exposed preparations" }, "suggested_plot_type": "radar_or_summary" }, "section_id": "section_05_evidence", "source_url": 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