{
"papers": [
{
"n": null,
"doi": "10.1101/2023.04.26.538480",
"value": "yes — V1",
"method": "2p calcium imaging across states",
"metric": "presence of evoked-ensemble reactivation in sleep",
"n_analyzed": null,
"ci_or_error": null,
"text_access": "abstract_only",
"n_definition": "imaged ensembles per mouse",
"scope_region": "primary visual cortex",
"study_system": "mouse V1",
"taxonomic_level": "broad excitatory cell category",
"scope_population": "L2/3 pyramidal neurons",
"value_source_sentence": "Cortical neuronal ensembles are present across wake and sleep states, and visually evoked ensembles are reactivated in subsequent slow-wave sleep.",
"experimental_conditions": "wake/NREM/REM, 2p Ca imaging"
},
{
"n": null,
"doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-43254-7",
"value": "yes — M2 (trajectory + visuo-tactile)",
"method": "2p calcium imaging during rest",
"metric": "presence of trajectory + non-spatial reactivation at rest",
"n_analyzed": null,
"ci_or_error": null,
"text_access": "abstract_only",
"n_definition": "ensembles per session",
"scope_region": "secondary motor cortex",
"study_system": "mouse M2",
"taxonomic_level": "broad excitatory cell category",
"scope_population": "L2/3 excitatory neurons",
"value_source_sentence": "We show that, following navigation, spontaneous resting state reactivations convey varying degrees of spatial (trajectory sequences) and non-spatial (visuo-tactile attributes) information, while reactivations of non-spatial attributes tend to precede reactivations of spatial representations surrounding hippocampal sharp-wave ripples.",
"experimental_conditions": "virtual navigation + rest, 2p Ca imaging"
},
{
"n": null,
"doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2025.10.003",
"value": "yes — PFC (large SWRs)",
"method": "Electrophysiology + closed-loop SWR optogenetics",
"metric": "presence of SWR-locked ensemble reactivation",
"n_analyzed": null,
"ci_or_error": null,
"text_access": "abstract_only",
"n_definition": "ensembles per session",
"scope_region": "prefrontal cortex",
"study_system": "mouse PFC + hippocampus",
"taxonomic_level": "broad excitatory cell category",
"scope_population": "broadly recorded excitatory neurons",
"value_source_sentence": "We identified a specific subset of large SWRs linked to memory reactivation in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice, and found that their occurrence selectively increased during sleep following new learning.",
"experimental_conditions": "sleep after learning"
},
{
"n": null,
"doi": "10.1073/pnas.1818432116",
"value": "yes — RSC (HFS reactivation accelerates consolidation)",
"method": "TRAP + optogenetic ensemble stimulation",
"metric": "causal effect of ensemble reactivation",
"n_analyzed": null,
"ci_or_error": null,
"text_access": "abstract_only",
"n_definition": "TRAP-tagged ensemble neurons",
"scope_region": "retrosplenial cortex",
"study_system": "mouse RSC",
"taxonomic_level": "fine functional subtype (engram)",
"scope_population": "fear-memory engram neurons",
"value_source_sentence": "High-frequency stimulation of these ensembles in the retrosplenial cortex 1 day after learning produced a recent memory with features normally observed in consolidated remote memories, including higher engagement of neocortical areas during retrieval, contextual generalization, and decreased hippocampal dependence.",
"experimental_conditions": "1 day post-conditioning, sleep/anesthesia"
}
],
"audit_issues": [
{
"dimension": "scope_region",
"description": "Rows cover V1, M2, PFC and RSC; the figure compares the presence/role of reactivation across four areas with different task contexts.",
"entries_affected": [
"10.1101/2023.04.26.538480",
"10.1038/s41467-023-43254-7",
"10.1016/j.neuron.2025.10.003",
"10.1073/pnas.1818432116"
]
},
{
"dimension": "study_system",
"description": "Methods range from 2P calcium imaging in awake state-tracking to TRAP+optogenetic engram stimulation. Causal vs. correlational evidence is mixed.",
"entries_affected": [
"10.1101/2023.04.26.538480",
"10.1038/s41467-023-43254-7",
"10.1016/j.neuron.2025.10.003",
"10.1073/pnas.1818432116"
]
}
],
"audit_verdict": "CAVEAT",
"comparison_id": "cortical-reactivation-areas",
"comparison_name": "Cortical areas in which post-experience ensemble reactivation has been demonstrated in mice",
"comparison_type": "convergent evidence",
"what_it_reveals": "Ensemble reactivation in mice has now been observed across V1, M2, PFC, and RSC, with causal manipulations supporting a role in consolidation — but the dominant trigger (intrinsic cortical sequence vs hippocampal SWR coupling vs thalamic drive) differs across studies.",
"homogeneity_check": {
"caveats": [
"Studies span V1, M2, PFC, RSC — reactivation is consistently observed but its functional role varies (perceptual binding vs episodic consolidation vs systems consolidation).",
"Causal evidence is strongest for RSC and PFC; V1 and M2 papers are correlative."
],
"n_definition_uniform": "false",
"scope_region_uniform": "false",
"taxonomic_level_uniform": "false",
"scope_population_uniform": "false"
},
"suggested_plot_type": "heatmap",
"mandatory_caption_caveats": [
"Causal evidence is strongest for RSC and PFC; the V1 and M2 rows are correlational observations of replay/reactivation.",
"Tasks and timescales differ (perceptual ensembles in V1; navigation in M2; SWR-linked replay in PFC; HFS-driven engram in RSC)."
]
}