Version history

{
  "kind": "infographic",
  "prompt": "AQP4 deletion (~70% clearance loss; Iliff 2012), TBI (~60% reduction; Iliff 2014 JNeurosci), aging (~40% Aβ clearance loss; Kress 2014), and sleep state (~60% ECS volume swing; Xie 2013) each independently converge on glymphatic flow being a major, quantitatively dominant clearance route — while also revealing substantial residual clearance in AQP4-null conditions, setting the stage for later replication challenges.",
  "provider": "other",
  "raw_fields": {
    "papers": [
      {
        "n": null,
        "doi": "10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748",
        "value": "~70%",
        "method": "intracortical tracer injection + two-photon imaging",
        "metric": "Reduction in interstitial solute clearance in AQP4-knockout mice",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "ci_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "mice genotype groups",
        "scope_region": "mouse cortex and brain parenchyma",
        "study_system": "mouse Aqp4-/- vs wild-type",
        "taxonomic_level": "whole-brain clearance",
        "scope_population": "interstitial-fluid solute tracers",
        "value_source_sentence": "Animals lacking the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytes exhibit slowed CSF influx through this system and a ~70% reduction in interstitial solute clearance, suggesting that the bulk fluid flow between these anatomical influx and efflux routes is supported by astrocytic water transport.",
        "experimental_conditions": "in vivo 2-photon imaging of CSF tracers"
      },
      {
        "n": 6,
        "doi": "10.1126/science.1241224",
        "value": "+67% (13.6% awake → 22.7% anesthesia)",
        "method": "real-time TMA+ iontophoresis, two-photon imaging",
        "metric": "Increase in interstitial volume fraction (awake vs anesthetized/sleep)",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "ci_or_error": "±1.6% awake; ±1.3% anesth",
        "text_access": "fulltext",
        "n_definition": "mice measured with real-time iontophoresis",
        "scope_region": "mouse cortex (in vivo)",
        "study_system": "adult mouse cortex (in vivo)",
        "taxonomic_level": "regional tissue measurement",
        "scope_population": "ECS volume fraction",
        "value_source_sentence": "This approach, which eliminated interanimal variability in electrode placement and TMA calibration, showed that anesthesia consistently increased the interstitial space volume fraction by >60%, from 13.6 ± 1.6% for awake mice to 22.7 ± 1.3% in the same mice after anesthesia.",
        "experimental_conditions": "awake vs natural-sleep vs anesthetized"
      },
      {
        "n": null,
        "doi": "10.1002/ana.24271",
        "value": "40% decrease",
        "method": "radiotracer clearance assay + in vivo fluorescence microscopy",
        "metric": "Reduction in amyloid-β clearance (old vs young mice)",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "ci_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "mice per age group",
        "scope_region": "mouse cortex (in vivo)",
        "study_system": "young (2-3 mo), middle-aged (10-12 mo), old (18-20 mo) C57BL/6 mice",
        "taxonomic_level": "whole-brain clearance",
        "scope_population": "interstitial amyloid-β",
        "value_source_sentence": "Relative to the young, clearance of intraparenchymally injected amyloid-β was impaired by 40% in the old mice.",
        "experimental_conditions": "intraparenchymal radiotracer clearance"
      },
      {
        "n": null,
        "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.3020-14.2014",
        "value": "~60% reduction",
        "method": "in vivo tracer imaging of CSF-ISF exchange",
        "metric": "Reduction in glymphatic pathway function after traumatic brain injury",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "ci_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "mice per condition",
        "scope_region": "mouse cortex",
        "study_system": "mouse, controlled cortical impact TBI",
        "taxonomic_level": "whole-brain clearance",
        "scope_population": "CSF-ISF tracer clearance",
        "value_source_sentence": "After TBI, glymphatic pathway function was reduced by ∼60%, with this impairment persisting for at least 1 month post injury.",
        "experimental_conditions": "TBI vs sham"
      }
    ],
    "comparison_id": "glymphatic-aqp4-clearance-magnitude",
    "comparison_name": "Magnitude of AQP4/glymphatic dependence of interstitial solute clearance across perturbations",
    "comparison_type": "convergent evidence",
    "what_it_reveals": "AQP4 deletion (~70% clearance loss; Iliff 2012), TBI (~60% reduction; Iliff 2014 JNeurosci), aging (~40% Aβ clearance loss; Kress 2014), and sleep state (~60% ECS volume swing; Xie 2013) each independently converge on glymphatic flow being a major, quantitatively dominant clearance route — while also revealing substantial residual clearance in AQP4-null conditions, setting the stage for later replication challenges.",
    "homogeneity_check": {
      "caveats": [
        "Metrics differ: Iliff 2012 and Iliff 2014 TBI report tracer clearance reduction; Kress 2014 reports Aβ-specific clearance; Xie 2013 reports ECS volume fraction",
        "Different tracers (fluorescent dextrans, radiolabeled Aβ) and different imaging modalities (in vivo 2P, radiotracer, real-time iontophoresis)",
        "All measurements are on mouse cortex but perturbations span genetic, traumatic, aging, and state-dependent axes"
      ],
      "n_definition_uniform": "false",
      "scope_region_uniform": "true",
      "taxonomic_level_uniform": "false",
      "scope_population_uniform": "false"
    },
    "suggested_plot_type": "grouped bar"
  },
  "section_id": "section_05_evidence_package",
  "source_url": "https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewAstrocytes/blob/1a55da0634a3bc04e5688792ed12141ce271d28e/evidence/section_05_evidence_package.json",
  "target_ref": "wiki_page:computationalreviewastrocytes-05",
  "review_repo": "ComputationalReviewAstrocytes",
  "section_ref": "wiki_page:computationalreviewastrocytes-05",
  "source_path": "evidence/section_05_evidence_package.json",
  "source_refs": [
    "paper:efa35561-2c36-4936-9d8f-f9be6b4d1355",
    "paper:paper-9863a7faec5d",
    "paper:paper-61ea5edf3da7",
    "paper:4c39161e-1d2a-424b-bb0b-0d9e894d349b"
  ],
  "section_title": "Astrocytic Modulation of Synaptic Transmission",
  "source_policy": {
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    "notes": [
      "Local review repositories are read-only inputs.",
      "SciDEX stores paper metadata, structured evidence, file pointers, and short citation contexts; it does not copy full review prose."
    ],
    "source_commit_sha": "1a55da0634a3bc04e5688792ed12141ce271d28e",
    "source_repository_url": "https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewAstrocytes"
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  "generation_status": "complete",
  "review_bundle_ref": "analysis_bundle:ab-029ee9411fe2",
  "origin_url": "https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewAstrocytes/blob/1a55da0634a3bc04e5688792ed12141ce271d28e/evidence/section_05_evidence_package.json",
  "commit_sha": "1a55da0634a3bc04e5688792ed12141ce271d28e",
  "created_by": "persona-jerome-lecoq-gbo-neuroscience",
  "repository_url": "https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewAstrocytes"
}