Version history

{
  "kind": "infographic",
  "prompt": "The apparent contradiction between chandelier cells being depolarizing vs inhibitory is resolved by developmental trajectory - GABA at AIS starts depolarizing but becomes hyperpolarizing over periadolescent period, though even depolarizing GABA inhibits AP initiation through shunting",
  "provider": "other",
  "raw_fields": {
    "papers": [
      {
        "n": 0,
        "doi": "10.3389/neuro.04.015.2009",
        "value": "Depolarized from rest in all cases",
        "method": "paired recordings from chandelier-pyramidal cell pairs",
        "metric": "GABA reversal potential at AIS relative to rest",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "ci_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "paired recordings",
        "scope_region": "somatosensory cortex upper layers",
        "study_system": "mouse somatosensory cortex, Nkx2.1Cre MADM mice",
        "taxonomic_level": "cell subtype",
        "scope_population": "chandelier cells",
        "value_source_sentence": "chandelier PSPs have in every case a reversal potential that is depolarized from rest.",
        "experimental_conditions": "perforated patch and cell-attached recordings"
      },
      {
        "n": 0,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.030",
        "value": "Switches from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing over protracted periadolescent period",
        "method": "electrophysiology across development",
        "metric": "GABA reversal potential at AIS across development",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "ci_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "developmental age points",
        "scope_region": "prefrontal cortex",
        "study_system": "mouse prefrontal cortex pyramidal cells",
        "taxonomic_level": "cell subtype",
        "scope_population": "chandelier cells",
        "value_source_sentence": "GABAergic signaling at the AIS of prefrontal pyramidal cells, indeed, switches polarity from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing but does so over a protracted periadolescent period.",
        "experimental_conditions": "multiple developmental timepoints"
      },
      {
        "n": 0,
        "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.0605-23.2023",
        "value": "Inhibitory via shunting across all periadolescent reversal potentials",
        "method": "electrophysiology with controlled GABA reversal",
        "metric": "Functional effect of GABA at AIS regardless of reversal potential",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "ci_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "recordings across reversal potentials",
        "scope_region": "prefrontal cortex L2/3",
        "study_system": "mouse PFC L2/3 pyramidal neurons",
        "taxonomic_level": "cell subtype",
        "scope_population": "pyramidal neurons receiving chandelier input",
        "value_source_sentence": "GABA at the axon initial segment inhibits action potential initiation in layer (L)2/3 pyramidal neurons in prefrontal cortex from mice of either sex across GABA reversal potentials observed in periadolescence.",
        "experimental_conditions": "varying GABA reversal potentials"
      }
    ],
    "comparison_id": "chandelier-polarity-development",
    "comparison_name": "Developmental Switch in Chandelier Cell GABA Polarity at the AIS",
    "comparison_type": "timeline",
    "what_it_reveals": "The apparent contradiction between chandelier cells being depolarizing vs inhibitory is resolved by developmental trajectory - GABA at AIS starts depolarizing but becomes hyperpolarizing over periadolescent period, though even depolarizing GABA inhibits AP initiation through shunting",
    "homogeneity_check": {
      "caveats": [
        "Different cortical regions (somatosensory vs prefrontal)",
        "Different developmental ages",
        "Different methodological approaches to measuring polarity"
      ],
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      "scope_region_uniform": "false",
      "taxonomic_level_uniform": "true",
      "scope_population_uniform": "true"
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  "source_path": "evidence/section_06_evidence_package.json",
  "source_refs": [
    "paper:paper-0e6c363acab2",
    "paper:paper-2a56315e0967",
    "paper:paper-c803cdbd5cbd"
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  "section_title": "Synaptic Physiology: Input Specificity, Output Targeting, and Short-Term Dynamics",
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    "notes": [
      "Local review repositories are read-only inputs.",
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  "commit_sha": "df9fc7e8d455b084152c9d713558dae0013cef21",
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