{
"papers": [
{
"n": 31,
"doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-19475-5",
"value": "8.5 ± 0.2 s (V1) vs 5.3 ± 0.1 s (Bergmann glia)",
"method": "two-photon in vivo Ca2+ imaging",
"metric": "time to peak of locomotion-induced astrocyte Ca2+ response",
"n_analyzed": "V1: 31 events from 15 mice; BG: 30 events from 14 mice",
"ci_or_error": "± SEM",
"text_access": "fulltext",
"n_definition": "locomotion events",
"scope_region": "V1 + cerebellum",
"study_system": "mouse; in vivo two-photon; primary visual cortex + cerebellar Bergmann glia",
"taxonomic_level": "subtype",
"scope_population": "cortical astrocytes + Bergmann glia",
"value_source_sentence": "V1 astrocyte activation reached the peak more slowly than in BG (time to peak V1 , 8.5 ± 0.2 s, n = 31 (15 mice), time to peak BG , 5.3 ± 0.1 s, n = 30 (14 mice), t (59) = 15.784, p t -test) indicating that local signaling constraints differ 7 .",
"experimental_conditions": "voluntary locomotion; GCaMP3/6f in astrocytes; Adra1a-floxed for α1A conditional KO"
},
{
"n": 0,
"doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-17062-2",
"value": "60% (NREM→wake); 72% (IS→wake)",
"method": "two-photon + polysomnography",
"metric": "fraction of sleep-wake transitions preceded by astrocyte Ca2+ increase",
"n_analyzed": "sleep-wake transitions pooled across mice",
"ci_or_error": "percentage of transitions",
"text_access": "fulltext",
"n_definition": "behavioral state transitions",
"scope_region": "somatosensory cortex",
"study_system": "mouse; in vivo two-photon; somatosensory cortex; Lck-GCaMP6f",
"taxonomic_level": "subcellular",
"scope_population": "Lck-targeted membrane-adjacent astrocyte domain",
"value_source_sentence": "We observed a prominent increase in astrocytic Ca 2+ signal frequency 1–2 s before the shift in ECoG, EMG, and mouse movement in 60% of NREM sleep to wakefulness and 72% of IS sleep to wakefulness transitions (Fig.",
"experimental_conditions": "natural sleep-wake cycle with ECoG/EMG"
},
{
"n": 0,
"doi": "10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.052",
"value": "187.55% ± 20.56% of baseline",
"method": "two-photon in vivo Ca2+ imaging",
"metric": "cortical astrocyte Ca2+ amplitude after sleep deprivation (ZT6)",
"n_analyzed": "mice (n not extracted in this sentence)",
"ci_or_error": "± 20.56% SEM",
"text_access": "fulltext",
"n_definition": "animals",
"scope_region": "cortex",
"study_system": "mouse; in vivo two-photon; cortex; GCaMP6f in astrocytes",
"taxonomic_level": "broad class",
"scope_population": "cortical astrocytes",
"value_source_sentence": "We found that, averaged across all states, mean ΔF/F increased immediately after SD at ZT6 (when sleep need is maximally discharging [ 21 , 22 ]) and then declined in parallel with changes in NREM SWA at ZT12 (ZT6, 187.55% ± 20.56% versus baseline; ZT12, 106.0",
"experimental_conditions": "sleep deprivation paradigm; continuous Ca2+ imaging"
},
{
"n": 0,
"doi": "10.3390/cells14010024",
"value": "1320 ± 123 events/min (NE) vs 93 ± 12 (basal); ~14-fold",
"method": "acute-slice 2P Ca2+ imaging + AQuA event detection",
"metric": "increase in NAc astrocyte Ca2+ event frequency on NE application",
"n_analyzed": "astropile events pooled across slices",
"ci_or_error": "± SEM",
"text_access": "fulltext",
"n_definition": "Ca2+ events per minute at astropile (aggregated process territory)",
"scope_region": "nucleus accumbens / ventral striatum",
"study_system": "mouse; acute brain slice; ventral hippocampus/NAc; GCaMP6f",
"taxonomic_level": "broad class",
"scope_population": "astrocytes (Aldh1l1 or SR101 positive)",
"value_source_sentence": "Figure 2 e,f show that, compared to the frequency observed at basal conditions, the number of Ca 2+ events at astropile increased robustly during the first minute of the astrocyte response to NE (astropile Ca 2+ events/min: NE, 1320 ± 123 vs. basal, 93 ± 12; p 2+ events/min ( Figure 2 f).",
"experimental_conditions": "NE application (high concentration); acute slice AQuA-detected events"
}
],
"comparison_id": "arousal-state-astrocyte-ca-modulation",
"comparison_name": "State-dependent modulation of astrocyte Ca2+ activity across arousal/sleep/wake contexts",
"comparison_type": "cross-study convergent evidence on state-modulation magnitude",
"what_it_reveals": "Astrocyte Ca2+ activity is strongly modulated by arousal/state across preparations and regions: sleep deprivation nearly doubles mean astrocyte ΔF/F (Ingiosi 2020), wake transitions are preceded by astrocyte Ca2+ in 60–72% of cases (Bojarskaite 2020), locomotion-induced responses peak ~5 s in cerebellum vs ~8 s in V1 with NE-dependence (Ethanol abolishes paper), and acute NE application in NAc slices produces a ~14-fold jump in event frequency (Mederos 2024/Cells). Together these establish NE as the dominant state signal that shapes astrocyte Ca2+ across wake/sleep and across brain regions, but with region- and compartment-specific gain.",
"homogeneity_check": {
"caveats": [
"Mixed preparations: acute slice (Mederos 2024 Cells) vs. in vivo two-photon (all others). Acute slice NE responses operate at supraphysiological concentrations without endogenous LC firing dynamics.",
"Metrics are heterogeneous: time-to-peak (Ethanol paper), fraction of transitions (Bojarskaite), ΔF/F amplitude (Ingiosi), event frequency (Mederos 2024). These quantify different aspects of a modulation and should be interpreted as complementary, not directly comparable.",
"Indicator differs: GCaMP3 vs GCaMP6f vs Lck-GCaMP6f — membrane-tethered Lck detects distinct events (faster, process-localized) that cytosolic indicators underreport.",
"Behavioral context differs: locomotion (Ethanol paper), sleep-wake (Bojarskaite, Ingiosi), and pharmacological NE bath (Mederos 2024). Endogenous LC firing during behavior likely produces lower effective NE concentration than bath application.",
"n-definitions: Ethanol paper uses \"events from N mice\"; Bojarskaite uses fraction of transitions; Mederos uses events-per-minute per slice; Ingiosi uses animals. Not directly comparable as effect sizes."
],
"n_definition_uniform": "false",
"scope_region_uniform": "false",
"taxonomic_level_uniform": "false",
"scope_population_uniform": "false"
},
"suggested_plot_type": "grouped bar chart with percentage-of-baseline normalization and region stratification"
}