Conclusion: The Modulatory Landscape and the Path Forward

Conclusion: The Modulatory Landscape and the Path Forward

This section is represented as a source-backed SciDEX wiki artifact. The full source remains in the original computational-review repository.

Source: https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewNeuromodulation/blob/95db5c630fe54e183d9c452cf826ce502d4a872d/content/13_conclusion.md

Citation anchors captured: 111

Citation contexts

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}, and high-density electrophysiology ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} h...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}, and high-density electrophysiology ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} h...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0, and high-density electrophysiology ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 h...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4, and high-density electrophysiology ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5 h...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8, and high-density electrophysiology ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9 h...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2, and high-density electrophysiology ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3 h...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6, and high-density electrophysiology ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7 h...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0, and high-density electrophysiology ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 h...

• ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4, and high-density electrophysiology ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5 h...

• ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8, and high-density electrophysiology ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9 h...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2, and high-density electrophysiology ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3 h...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6, and high-density electrophysiology ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7 h...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0, and high-density electrophysiology ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 h...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4, and high-density electrophysiology ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5 h...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 The review’s central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field’s measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7, optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8, and high-density electrophysiology ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9 h...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{6Citationpaper:paper-b35554586e4bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 7Citationpaper:paper-2de7151e0d43The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{8Citationpaper:paper-fced3ca3101bThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 9Citationpaper:paper-ce2af2624305The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 The system-by-system analysis revealed that each modulator’s computational identity fractures upon close examination. Dopamine neurons encode not only reward prediction errors but also movement signals, novelty responses, and ramp signals whose temporal dynamics depend on task structure rather than reflecting a fixed motivational state ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5. The distributional reinforcemen...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}00 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}01, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}02 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}03, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}04 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}05, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}06 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}07, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}08 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}09, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}10 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}11, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}12 Cross-system interactions emerged as the most consequential gap in the evidence base ({ref}sec-cross-system). The dopamine–acetylcholine co-regulation in the striatum, mediated by cholinergic interneurons that can independently trigger dopamine release through axonal nicotinic receptors ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}13, and the dopamine–serotonin opponency in the nucleus accumbens, where rewards increase dopamine and decreas...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}14 First, the replication landscape is sobering. Of the findings assessed across this review’s evidence base, only approximately 15% met criteria for independent replication across laboratories and methods. Nearly 25% were actively contested, with published evidence on both sides. Over 40% had unknown replication status — meaning no systematic attempt to replicate or challenge the original finding could be identifi...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}15 First, the replication landscape is sobering. Of the findings assessed across this review’s evidence base, only approximately 15% met criteria for independent replication across laboratories and methods. Nearly 25% were actively contested, with published evidence on both sides. Over 40% had unknown replication status — meaning no systematic attempt to replicate or challenge the original finding could be identifi...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}16 Second, false consensus is pervasive and clinically consequential. Several widely repeated mechanistic claims — including the cholinergic encoding/retrieval switching hypothesis ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}17, the simple serotonin–mood causal model ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}18, and the specificity of norepinephrine’s arousal function ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}19 — cannot be traced to adequate primary experimental demonstrations. These claims propagat...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}20 Second, false consensus is pervasive and clinically consequential. Several widely repeated mechanistic claims — including the cholinergic encoding/retrieval switching hypothesis ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}21, the simple serotonin–mood causal model ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}22, and the specificity of norepinephrine’s arousal function ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}23 — cannot be traced to adequate primary experimental demonstrations. These claims propagat...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}24 Second, false consensus is pervasive and clinically consequential. Several widely repeated mechanistic claims — including the cholinergic encoding/retrieval switching hypothesis ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}25, the simple serotonin–mood causal model ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}26, and the specificity of norepinephrine’s arousal function ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}27 — cannot be traced to adequate primary experimental demonstrations. These claims propagat...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}28 Second, false consensus is pervasive and clinically consequential. Several widely repeated mechanistic claims — including the cholinergic encoding/retrieval switching hypothesis ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}29, the simple serotonin–mood causal model ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}30, and the specificity of norepinephrine’s arousal function ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}31 — cannot be traced to adequate primary experimental demonstrations. These claims propagat...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}32 Second, false consensus is pervasive and clinically consequential. Several widely repeated mechanistic claims — including the cholinergic encoding/retrieval switching hypothesis ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}33, the simple serotonin–mood causal model ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}34, and the specificity of norepinephrine’s arousal function ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}35 — cannot be traced to adequate primary experimental demonstrations. These claims propagat...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}36 Second, false consensus is pervasive and clinically consequential. Several widely repeated mechanistic claims — including the cholinergic encoding/retrieval switching hypothesis ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}37, the simple serotonin–mood causal model ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}38, and the specificity of norepinephrine’s arousal function ^{1Citationpaper:paper-ef5f9fe4012cThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-8eda8b8cc145The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-f212ed425f08The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-403cbed4e356The review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 5Citationpaper:paper-6a24ab8dc72fThe review's central finding is a striking asymmetry between the field's measurement capabilities and its conceptual frameworks. The development of genetically encoded neurotransmitter sensors [Muir2024, Labouesse2024, Kielbinski2024, Xie2024, Wei2025b], optogenetic and chemogenetic tools for cell-type-specific manipulation [Roth2018, Berthoux2025], and high-density electrophysiology [SanchezLeon2023, Hickman2025] h...content/13_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}39 — cannot be traced to adequate primary experimental demonstrations. These claims propagat...

• ... 61 additional anchors in refs_json