In Vivo Function During Behavior

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^{1Citationpaper:paper-85e68ed7c574The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference} The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference} The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference} The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...
^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference} The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference} The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference} The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference} The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference} The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...
^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference} The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference} The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}0 ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}1 further elaborated the locomotion mechanism, proposing a model in which three interacting factors produce the observed modulation: variations in the strength of PV and SST connectivity to individual pyramidal cells, broad locomotion-dependent weakening of SST inhibitory drive, and differential baseline sensitivity across neurons ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}2. This model accounts for an apparently paradoxical observa...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}3 ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}4 further elaborated the locomotion mechanism, proposing a model in which three interacting factors produce the observed modulation: variations in the strength of PV and SST connectivity to individual pyramidal cells, broad locomotion-dependent weakening of SST inhibitory drive, and differential baseline sensitivity across neurons ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}5. This model accounts for an apparently paradoxical observa...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}6 However, even within V1, the relationship between locomotion and SST activity is not as straightforward as initial reports suggested. ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}7 found that while SST neurons were indeed suppressed during locomotion in the absence of visual stimulation, this pattern reversed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased SST cell responses to large stimuli and VIP cell responses to small stimuli [Dipoppa20...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}8 However, even within V1, the relationship between locomotion and SST activity is not as straightforward as initial reports suggested. ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}9 found that while SST neurons were indeed suppressed during locomotion in the absence of visual stimulation, this pattern reversed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased SST cell responses to large stimuli and VIP cell responses to small stimuli [Dipoppa20...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}0 However, even within V1, the relationship between locomotion and SST activity is not as straightforward as initial reports suggested. ^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}1 found that while SST neurons were indeed suppressed during locomotion in the absence of visual stimulation, this pattern reversed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased SST cell responses to large stimuli and VIP cell responses to small stimuli [Dipoppa20...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}2 However, even within V1, the relationship between locomotion and SST activity is not as straightforward as initial reports suggested. ^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}3 found that while SST neurons were indeed suppressed during locomotion in the absence of visual stimulation, this pattern reversed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased SST cell responses to large stimuli and VIP cell responses to small stimuli [Dipoppa20...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}4 However, even within V1, the relationship between locomotion and SST activity is not as straightforward as initial reports suggested. ^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}5 found that while SST neurons were indeed suppressed during locomotion in the absence of visual stimulation, this pattern reversed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased SST cell responses to large stimuli and VIP cell responses to small stimuli [Dipoppa20...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}6 However, even within V1, the relationship between locomotion and SST activity is not as straightforward as initial reports suggested. ^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}7 found that while SST neurons were indeed suppressed during locomotion in the absence of visual stimulation, this pattern reversed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased SST cell responses to large stimuli and VIP cell responses to small stimuli [Dipoppa20...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}8 The generalizability of V1 locomotion findings to other cortical areas has been directly tested, with results that expose fundamental area differences. ^{3Citationpaper:paper-065a0eae69a5The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}9 compared behavioral modulation of SST neurons across cortical areas and found that SST activity is not similarly modulated by behavioral state across different levels of the cortical processing hierarchy ^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}0. In auditory cortex, SST...
^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}1 The generalizability of V1 locomotion findings to other cortical areas has been directly tested, with results that expose fundamental area differences. ^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}2 compared behavioral modulation of SST neurons across cortical areas and found that SST activity is not similarly modulated by behavioral state across different levels of the cortical processing hierarchy ^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}3. In auditory cortex, SST...
^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}4 The generalizability of V1 locomotion findings to other cortical areas has been directly tested, with results that expose fundamental area differences. ^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}5 compared behavioral modulation of SST neurons across cortical areas and found that SST activity is not similarly modulated by behavioral state across different levels of the cortical processing hierarchy ^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}6. In auditory cortex, SST...
^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}7 In somatosensory cortex, ^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}8 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{4Citationpaper:paper-f02f24cb44ffThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}9. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}0 In somatosensory cortex, ^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}1 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}2. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}3 In somatosensory cortex, ^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}4 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}5. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}6 In somatosensory cortex, ^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}7 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}8. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-4126563ac4f2The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}9 In somatosensory cortex, ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}0 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}1. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}2 In somatosensory cortex, ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}3 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}4. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}5 In somatosensory cortex, ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}6 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}7. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}8 In somatosensory cortex, ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}9 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}0. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}1 In somatosensory cortex, ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}2 established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}3. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}4 The prefrontal cortex presents perhaps the most striking departure from the V1 locomotion paradigm. prior studies used optogenetic tagging and electrophysiology to show that SST neurons in PFC exhibit choice-specific rather than locomotion-related modulation. ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}5 extended this finding, demonstrating that SST neurons conveyed cue-associated quantitative value signals until trial outcome, whereas PV neurons ma...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}6 The prefrontal cortex presents perhaps the most striking departure from the V1 locomotion paradigm. prior studies used optogenetic tagging and electrophysiology to show that SST neurons in PFC exhibit choice-specific rather than locomotion-related modulation. ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}7 extended this finding, demonstrating that SST neurons conveyed cue-associated quantitative value signals until trial outcome, whereas PV neurons ma...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}8 The prefrontal cortex presents perhaps the most striking departure from the V1 locomotion paradigm. prior studies used optogenetic tagging and electrophysiology to show that SST neurons in PFC exhibit choice-specific rather than locomotion-related modulation. ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}9 extended this finding, demonstrating that SST neurons conveyed cue-associated quantitative value signals until trial outcome, whereas PV neurons ma...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}0 The prefrontal cortex presents perhaps the most striking departure from the V1 locomotion paradigm. prior studies used optogenetic tagging and electrophysiology to show that SST neurons in PFC exhibit choice-specific rather than locomotion-related modulation. ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}1 extended this finding, demonstrating that SST neurons conveyed cue-associated quantitative value signals until trial outcome, whereas PV neurons ma...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}2 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}3 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}4. In auditory cortex, ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}5 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}6 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}7 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}8. In auditory cortex, ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}9 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}0 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}1 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}2. In auditory cortex, ^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}3 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}4 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}5 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}6. In auditory cortex, ^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}7 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}8 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{7Citationpaper:paper-3937e32ca645The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}9 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}0. In auditory cortex, ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}1 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}2 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}3 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}4. In auditory cortex, ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}5 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}6 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}7 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}8. In auditory cortex, ^{6Citationpaper:paper-baf5481ea21bThe discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 11Open reference}9 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}00 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}01 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}02. In auditory cortex, ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}03 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}04 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}05 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}06. In auditory cortex, ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}07 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}08 Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}09 found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}10. In auditory cortex, ^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}11 showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}12 Cross-area comparison of SST interneuron modulation during active behavior. Each entry represents a study examining SST neuron responses during behavioral engagement in the indicated cortical area. In V1, SST neurons are robustly suppressed during locomotion (though this reverses with large visual stimuli), whereas S1 SST neurons show mixed responses including unique hyperpolarization properties, A1 SST neurons dive...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}13 Cross-area comparison of SST interneuron modulation during active behavior. Each entry represents a study examining SST neuron responses during behavioral engagement in the indicated cortical area. In V1, SST neurons are robustly suppressed during locomotion (though this reverses with large visual stimuli), whereas S1 SST neurons show mixed responses including unique hyperpolarization properties, A1 SST neurons dive...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}14 Cross-area comparison of SST interneuron modulation during active behavior. Each entry represents a study examining SST neuron responses during behavioral engagement in the indicated cortical area. In V1, SST neurons are robustly suppressed during locomotion (though this reverses with large visual stimuli), whereas S1 SST neurons show mixed responses including unique hyperpolarization properties, A1 SST neurons dive...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}15 Cross-area comparison of SST interneuron modulation during active behavior. Each entry represents a study examining SST neuron responses during behavioral engagement in the indicated cortical area. In V1, SST neurons are robustly suppressed during locomotion (though this reverses with large visual stimuli), whereas S1 SST neurons show mixed responses including unique hyperpolarization properties, A1 SST neurons dive...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}16 Cross-area comparison of SST interneuron modulation during active behavior. Each entry represents a study examining SST neuron responses during behavioral engagement in the indicated cortical area. In V1, SST neurons are robustly suppressed during locomotion (though this reverses with large visual stimuli), whereas S1 SST neurons show mixed responses including unique hyperpolarization properties, A1 SST neurons dive...
^{2Citationpaper:paper-f457e091013fThe circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}sec-circuit-motifs) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...content/08_invivo_function.md:line 3Open reference}17 Cross-area comparison of SST interneuron modulation during active behavior. Each entry represents a study examining SST neuron responses during behavioral engagement in the indicated cortical area. In V1, SST neurons are robustly suppressed during locomotion (though this reverses with large visual stimuli), whereas S1 SST neurons show mixed responses including unique hyperpolarization properties, A1 SST neurons dive...
... 112 additional anchors in refs_json

References

[Khoury2023] paper:paper-85e68ed7c574 “The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}`sec-circuit-motifs`) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...”
[Dipoppa2018] paper:paper-f457e091013f “The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}`sec-circuit-motifs`) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...”
[Pi2013] paper:paper-065a0eae69a5 “The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}`sec-circuit-motifs`) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...”
[Lee2013] paper:paper-f02f24cb44ff “The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}`sec-circuit-motifs`) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...”
[Letzkus2011] paper:paper-4126563ac4f2 “The circuit motifs defined in reduced preparations — gain control, surround suppression, and VIP-mediated disinhibition ({ref}`sec-circuit-motifs`) — make specific predictions about how SST interneurons should behave during active behavior. Testing these predictions in vivo has proven more complex than anticipated. Rather than confirming a unified functional role for SST neurons across cortex, in vivo recordings rev...”
[Heintz2022] paper:paper-baf5481ea21b “The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...”
[Heintz2020] paper:paper-3937e32ca645 “The discovery that locomotion suppresses SST interneurons in mouse V1 established a foundational framework for understanding state-dependent SST modulation. it has been demonstrated using calcium imaging that SST neurons in V1 are suppressed during locomotion, and that this suppression — mediated through VIP→SST inhibition — enables adult ocular dominance plasticity that is normally restricted to the critical period...”
[Hinojosa2025] paper:paper-642d2c187853 “[Hinojosa2025] further elaborated the locomotion mechanism, proposing a model in which three interacting factors produce the observed modulation: variations in the strength of PV and SST connectivity to individual pyramidal cells, broad locomotion-dependent weakening of SST inhibitory drive, and differential baseline sensitivity across neurons [Hinojosa2025]. This model accounts for an apparently paradoxical observa...”
[Wu2025] paper:paper-bb27a4b6a034 “However, even within V1, the relationship between locomotion and SST activity is not as straightforward as initial reports suggested. [Dipoppa2018] found that while SST neurons were indeed suppressed during locomotion in the absence of visual stimulation, this pattern reversed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased SST cell responses to large stimuli and VIP cell responses to small stimuli [Dipoppa20...”
[OConnor2022] paper:paper-0e59a6184423 “However, even within V1, the relationship between locomotion and SST activity is not as straightforward as initial reports suggested. [Dipoppa2018] found that while SST neurons were indeed suppressed during locomotion in the absence of visual stimulation, this pattern reversed when visual stimuli were present: locomotion increased SST cell responses to large stimuli and VIP cell responses to small stimuli [Dipoppa20...”
[Gentet2012] paper:paper-1354264d555a “In somatosensory cortex, [Gentet2012] established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes [Gentet2012]. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...”
[Kiritani2023] paper:paper-441f7b6f6923 “In somatosensory cortex, [Gentet2012] established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes [Gentet2012]. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...”
[Guy2023] paper:paper-305b44a70f24 “In somatosensory cortex, [Gentet2012] established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes [Gentet2012]. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...”
[Feyerabend2025] paper:paper-01908403ed00 “In somatosensory cortex, [Gentet2012] established through in vivo whole-cell recordings that SST interneurons possess unique functional properties including lower spontaneous firing rates and greater sensory-evoked hyperpolarization compared to other interneuron classes [Gentet2012]. These intrinsic differences in baseline activity and sensory responsiveness mean that the same neuromodulatory input (e.g., cholinergi...”
[Jeong2020] paper:paper-e0063eb3db90 “The prefrontal cortex presents perhaps the most striking departure from the V1 locomotion paradigm. prior studies used optogenetic tagging and electrophysiology to show that SST neurons in PFC exhibit choice-specific rather than locomotion-related modulation. [Jeong2020] extended this finding, demonstrating that SST neurons conveyed cue-associated quantitative value signals until trial outcome, whereas PV neurons ma...”
[Boroujeni2026] paper:paper-b17714cdf27f “The prefrontal cortex presents perhaps the most striking departure from the V1 locomotion paradigm. prior studies used optogenetic tagging and electrophysiology to show that SST neurons in PFC exhibit choice-specific rather than locomotion-related modulation. [Jeong2020] extended this finding, demonstrating that SST neurons conveyed cue-associated quantitative value signals until trial outcome, whereas PV neurons ma...”
[Zhang2021a] paper:paper-9f84fb4d1999 “Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where [Zhang2021a] found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals [Zhang2021a, Zhang2021b]. In auditory cortex, [Tobin2025] showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...”
[Zhang2021b] paper:paper-60e6d697c2ac “Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where [Zhang2021a] found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals [Zhang2021a, Zhang2021b]. In auditory cortex, [Tobin2025] showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...”
[Tobin2025] paper:paper-6b359bb22276 “Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where [Zhang2021a] found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals [Zhang2021a, Zhang2021b]. In auditory cortex, [Tobin2025] showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...”
[Tang2025a] paper:paper-58159c76f545 “Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where [Zhang2021a] found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals [Zhang2021a, Zhang2021b]. In auditory cortex, [Tobin2025] showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...”
[Ding2026] paper:paper-dddd25cc4361 “Additional evidence for area-specific SST modulation comes from studies of frontal cortex during motor preparation, where [Zhang2021a] found that the interplay between PV and SST interneurons shapes task-dependent preparatory signals [Zhang2021a, Zhang2021b]. In auditory cortex, [Tobin2025] showed that distinct inhibitory neurons differently shape neuronal codes for sound intensity, with VIP activation causing overl...”

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