Conclusion

Conclusion

This section is represented as a source-backed SciDEX wiki artifact. The full source remains in the original computational-review repository.

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Citation anchors captured: 49

Citation contexts

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-b2fe37fe47cfThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference} The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 The field’s most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9. The facilitating nature of excitator...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 The field’s most prominent functional claims, by contrast, rest on substantially thinner evidence. The attribution of divisive gain control to SST-mediated dendritic inhibition derives primarily from optogenetic experiments in mouse visual cortex that have been challenged on both methodological and conceptual grounds — the same SST activation paradigms can produce subtractive rather than divisive effects depending o...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 This pattern — strong foundations in anatomy, weaker support for function — is not coincidental. It reflects a methodological gradient in which the reliability of findings scales inversely with the inferential distance between measurement and claim. Morphological reconstruction directly observes structure. Paired recordings directly measure connectivity. But the attribution of computational roles (gain control, pred...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3 This pattern — strong foundations in anatomy, weaker support for function — is not coincidental. It reflects a methodological gradient in which the reliability of findings scales inversely with the inferential distance between measurement and claim. Morphological reconstruction directly observes structure. Paired recordings directly measure connectivity. But the attribution of computational roles (gain control, pred...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4 Perhaps the single most important conclusion to emerge from this review is that the “SST interneuron” is not a useful unit of analysis for understanding circuit function. Single-cell transcriptomics has identified at least ten supertypes within the SST class, with multimodal profiling revealing that these molecular subtypes differ in morphology, firing properties, layer distribution, connectivity, and — critically —...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5 Perhaps the single most important conclusion to emerge from this review is that the “SST interneuron” is not a useful unit of analysis for understanding circuit function. Single-cell transcriptomics has identified at least ten supertypes within the SST class, with multimodal profiling revealing that these molecular subtypes differ in morphology, firing properties, layer distribution, connectivity, and — critically —...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 Perhaps the single most important conclusion to emerge from this review is that the “SST interneuron” is not a useful unit of analysis for understanding circuit function. Single-cell transcriptomics has identified at least ten supertypes within the SST class, with multimodal profiling revealing that these molecular subtypes differ in morphology, firing properties, layer distribution, connectivity, and — critically —...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7 Perhaps the single most important conclusion to emerge from this review is that the “SST interneuron” is not a useful unit of analysis for understanding circuit function. Single-cell transcriptomics has identified at least ten supertypes within the SST class, with multimodal profiling revealing that these molecular subtypes differ in morphology, firing properties, layer distribution, connectivity, and — critically —...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8 Perhaps the single most important conclusion to emerge from this review is that the “SST interneuron” is not a useful unit of analysis for understanding circuit function. Single-cell transcriptomics has identified at least ten supertypes within the SST class, with multimodal profiling revealing that these molecular subtypes differ in morphology, firing properties, layer distribution, connectivity, and — critically —...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9 Perhaps the single most important conclusion to emerge from this review is that the “SST interneuron” is not a useful unit of analysis for understanding circuit function. Single-cell transcriptomics has identified at least ten supertypes within the SST class, with multimodal profiling revealing that these molecular subtypes differ in morphology, firing properties, layer distribution, connectivity, and — critically —...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0 Perhaps the single most important conclusion to emerge from this review is that the “SST interneuron” is not a useful unit of analysis for understanding circuit function. Single-cell transcriptomics has identified at least ten supertypes within the SST class, with multimodal profiling revealing that these molecular subtypes differ in morphology, firing properties, layer distribution, connectivity, and — critically —...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 Yet the vast majority of functional data — the optogenetic experiments, the behavioral correlations, the disease associations — were collected using tools that treat all SST neurons as equivalent. This is not merely a limitation to be noted in discussion sections; it is a systematic bias that pervades the evidence base and renders many of the field’s functional claims fundamentally ambiguous. When an experiment repo...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2 Yet the vast majority of functional data — the optogenetic experiments, the behavioral correlations, the disease associations — were collected using tools that treat all SST neurons as equivalent. This is not merely a limitation to be noted in discussion sections; it is a systematic bias that pervades the evidence base and renders many of the field’s functional claims fundamentally ambiguous. When an experiment repo...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3 First, does transcriptomic identity determine functional phenotype? The SST FRZB type — transcriptomically SST but electrophysiologically resembling PV neurons — challenges the assumption that molecular classification predicts circuit role ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4. If molecular–functional incongruence extends beyond this single type, the field will need to fundamentally reconsider which modality should anchor classificatio...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5 Second, how do SST circuit functions vary across cortical areas? Nearly all detailed functional characterizations come from primary visual cortex in the mouse. The few studies that have examined SST function across areas report qualitatively different responses to the same behavioral manipulation — locomotion suppresses SST neurons in V1 but not uniformly in somatosensory or auditory cortex [Khoury2023, Dipoppa2...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6 Second, how do SST circuit functions vary across cortical areas? Nearly all detailed functional characterizations come from primary visual cortex in the mouse. The few studies that have examined SST function across areas report qualitatively different responses to the same behavioral manipulation — locomotion suppresses SST neurons in V1 but not uniformly in somatosensory or auditory cortex [Khoury2023, Dipoppa2...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7 Third, what are the causal mechanisms linking SST dysfunction to neuropsychiatric disease? The association between reduced SST expression and schizophrenia is among the most replicated findings in postmortem psychiatry ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8. Yet the direction of causality — whether SST loss drives circuit dysfunction or circuit dysfunction drives SST downregulation — remains unresolved. Animal mod...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9 Third, what are the causal mechanisms linking SST dysfunction to neuropsychiatric disease? The association between reduced SST expression and schizophrenia is among the most replicated findings in postmortem psychiatry ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0. Yet the direction of causality — whether SST loss drives circuit dysfunction or circuit dysfunction drives SST downregulation — remains unresolved. Animal mod...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 Third, what are the causal mechanisms linking SST dysfunction to neuropsychiatric disease? The association between reduced SST expression and schizophrenia is among the most replicated findings in postmortem psychiatry ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2. Yet the direction of causality — whether SST loss drives circuit dysfunction or circuit dysfunction drives SST downregulation — remains unresolved. Animal mod...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3 Third, what are the causal mechanisms linking SST dysfunction to neuropsychiatric disease? The association between reduced SST expression and schizophrenia is among the most replicated findings in postmortem psychiatry ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4. Yet the direction of causality — whether SST loss drives circuit dysfunction or circuit dysfunction drives SST downregulation — remains unresolved. Animal mod...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5 Fourth, how do SST neuron functions differ between rodents and primates? Cross-species transcriptomic studies reveal broad conservation of SST subtypes at the supertype level alongside meaningful divergence in gene expression and morphological elaboration at finer resolution ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6. Human SST neurons display larger dendritic arbors, more complex branching patterns, and distinct electroph...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7 Fourth, how do SST neuron functions differ between rodents and primates? Cross-species transcriptomic studies reveal broad conservation of SST subtypes at the supertype level alongside meaningful divergence in gene expression and morphological elaboration at finer resolution ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8. Human SST neurons display larger dendritic arbors, more complex branching patterns, and distinct electroph...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9 Fourth, how do SST neuron functions differ between rodents and primates? Cross-species transcriptomic studies reveal broad conservation of SST subtypes at the supertype level alongside meaningful divergence in gene expression and morphological elaboration at finer resolution ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0. Human SST neurons display larger dendritic arbors, more complex branching patterns, and distinct electroph...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 Fourth, how do SST neuron functions differ between rodents and primates? Cross-species transcriptomic studies reveal broad conservation of SST subtypes at the supertype level alongside meaningful divergence in gene expression and morphological elaboration at finer resolution ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2. Human SST neurons display larger dendritic arbors, more complex branching patterns, and distinct electroph...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}3 Fifth, can computational models of SST function make predictions that distinguish competing hypotheses? Current models assign SST neurons fundamentally different computational roles depending on their theoretical framework — gain normalization in stabilized supralinear networks, prediction carriers in predictive coding, credit assignment gates in deep learning-inspired models ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}4...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}5 Fifth, can computational models of SST function make predictions that distinguish competing hypotheses? Current models assign SST neurons fundamentally different computational roles depending on their theoretical framework — gain normalization in stabilized supralinear networks, prediction carriers in predictive coding, credit assignment gates in deep learning-inspired models ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}6...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}7 Fifth, can computational models of SST function make predictions that distinguish competing hypotheses? Current models assign SST neurons fundamentally different computational roles depending on their theoretical framework — gain normalization in stabilized supralinear networks, prediction carriers in predictive coding, credit assignment gates in deep learning-inspired models ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}8...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}9 The next phase must be different in two specific ways. First, it must be subtype-resolved: experiments that manipulate or record from molecularly defined SST subtypes in identified cortical layers and areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}0. The technology exists — intersectional genetics, Patch-seq, MERFISH-guided targeting — but its application to functional questions has barely begun. Second, it must be replication-orien...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}1 The next phase must be different in two specific ways. First, it must be subtype-resolved: experiments that manipulate or record from molecularly defined SST subtypes in identified cortical layers and areas ^{1Citationpaper:paper-c57fcb1aef2aThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 2Citationpaper:paper-c7076ba88e47The field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 3Citationpaper:paper-74a3fe07764fThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference, 4Citationpaper:paper-0cee20f3440cThe field's most secure empirical foundations are structural and cellular. The Martinotti versus non-Martinotti distinction — established through morphological reconstruction, confirmed by electrophysiology, and now grounded in transcriptomic subtypes — has been independently replicated across multiple laboratories and cortical areas [Nigro2018, Wu2023, Emmenegger2018, Wang2004]. The facilitating nature of excitator...content/14_conclusion.md:line 7Open reference}2. The technology exists — intersectional genetics, Patch-seq, MERFISH-guided targeting — but its application to functional questions has barely begun. Second, it must be replication-orien...