Astrocyte Calcium Signaling

Astrocyte Calcium Signaling

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Source: https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewAstrocytes/blob/1a55da0634a3bc04e5688792ed12141ce271d28e/content/03_calcium_signaling.md

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• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-26845329a52fIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference} If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled “astrocyte Ca^{2+}” in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference} If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled “astrocyte Ca^{2+}” in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference} If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled “astrocyte Ca^{2+}” in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference} If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled “astrocyte Ca^{2+}” in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference} Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference} Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...

• ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference} Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}0 Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}1; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}2 Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}3; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}4 Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}5; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}6 Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}7; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}8 Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice ^{2Citationpaper:paper-08ed31f14179If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}9; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}0 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}1. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}2 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}3. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}4 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}5. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}6 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}7. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}8 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{3Citationpaper:paper-72db15610560If cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}9. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}0 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}1. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}2 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}3. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}4 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}5. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}6 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}7. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}8 Early cortical and hippocampal reports of astrocyte Ca^{2+} were dominated by bulk-loaded organic dyes and cell-filling indicators that privileged the soma and large branches, and they framed astrocyte Ca^{2+} as a slow, GPCR-driven, spatially diffuse signal ^{4Citationpaper:paper-ce3a5d95fe3bIf cortical astrocytes are molecularly heterogeneous along the layer, region, and species axes catalogued in Section {ref}sec:identity-diversity, then their Ca^{2+} signals cannot be treated as a single cell-autonomous variable either. The quantity labelled "astrocyte Ca^{2+}" in the primary literature is, on close inspection, a composite of at least three compartmentalised events: a slow, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosp...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 4Open reference}9. Within that framework, sparse waves and synchronous inter-astrocyte...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}0 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}1 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}2 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}3 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}4 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}5 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}6 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}7 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}8 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}9 The compartmental picture emerged from deliberately targeting fine processes. Lck-tagged GCaMPs, combined with sparse viral expression, resolved fast, spatially restricted Ca^{2+} transients — “microdomains” — that are concentrated in distal branchlets, short-lasting, and largely invisible to somatic or bulk-dye recordings [shigetomi_2010_natneurosci, shigetomi_2013_general, shigetomi_2012_natneurosci, srinivasan_20...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}0 Imaging technology tracked this compartmental reframing. GCaMP variants were engineered for progressively higher signal-to-noise and faster kinetics ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}1; complementary indicators of extracellular glutamate such as iGluSnFR opened the synaptic side of the tripartite synapse to independent measurement ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}2. In a head-to-head awake-mouse comparison for c...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}3 Imaging technology tracked this compartmental reframing. GCaMP variants were engineered for progressively higher signal-to-noise and faster kinetics ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}4; complementary indicators of extracellular glutamate such as iGluSnFR opened the synaptic side of the tripartite synapse to independent measurement ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}5. In a head-to-head awake-mouse comparison for c...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}6 Imaging technology tracked this compartmental reframing. GCaMP variants were engineered for progressively higher signal-to-noise and faster kinetics ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}7; complementary indicators of extracellular glutamate such as iGluSnFR opened the synaptic side of the tripartite synapse to independent measurement ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}8. In a head-to-head awake-mouse comparison for c...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}9 Imaging technology tracked this compartmental reframing. GCaMP variants were engineered for progressively higher signal-to-noise and faster kinetics ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}0; complementary indicators of extracellular glutamate such as iGluSnFR opened the synaptic side of the tripartite synapse to independent measurement ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}1. In a head-to-head awake-mouse comparison for c...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}2 Imaging technology tracked this compartmental reframing. GCaMP variants were engineered for progressively higher signal-to-noise and faster kinetics ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}3; complementary indicators of extracellular glutamate such as iGluSnFR opened the synaptic side of the tripartite synapse to independent measurement ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}4. In a head-to-head awake-mouse comparison for c...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}5 Imaging technology tracked this compartmental reframing. GCaMP variants were engineered for progressively higher signal-to-noise and faster kinetics ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}6; complementary indicators of extracellular glutamate such as iGluSnFR opened the synaptic side of the tripartite synapse to independent measurement ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}7. In a head-to-head awake-mouse comparison for c...

• ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}8 The Itpr2^-/- (IP₃R2-KO) mouse was for a decade the field’s most powerful loss-of-function handle on astrocyte Ca^{2+} and anchored a major conflict over whether astrocytes participate in synaptic transmission. ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}9 used IP₃R2-KO mice together with astrocyte-targeted Gq- and Gi-DREADD manipulations and concluded that neither obliterating nor driving astrocyte Gq-coup...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}0 The Itpr2^-/- (IP₃R2-KO) mouse was for a decade the field’s most powerful loss-of-function handle on astrocyte Ca^{2+} and anchored a major conflict over whether astrocytes participate in synaptic transmission. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}1 used IP₃R2-KO mice together with astrocyte-targeted Gq- and Gi-DREADD manipulations and concluded that neither obliterating nor driving astrocyte Gq-coup...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}2 The Itpr2^-/- (IP₃R2-KO) mouse was for a decade the field’s most powerful loss-of-function handle on astrocyte Ca^{2+} and anchored a major conflict over whether astrocytes participate in synaptic transmission. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}3 used IP₃R2-KO mice together with astrocyte-targeted Gq- and Gi-DREADD manipulations and concluded that neither obliterating nor driving astrocyte Gq-coup...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}4 The Itpr2^-/- (IP₃R2-KO) mouse was for a decade the field’s most powerful loss-of-function handle on astrocyte Ca^{2+} and anchored a major conflict over whether astrocytes participate in synaptic transmission. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}5 used IP₃R2-KO mice together with astrocyte-targeted Gq- and Gi-DREADD manipulations and concluded that neither obliterating nor driving astrocyte Gq-coup...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}6 The Itpr2^-/- (IP₃R2-KO) mouse was for a decade the field’s most powerful loss-of-function handle on astrocyte Ca^{2+} and anchored a major conflict over whether astrocytes participate in synaptic transmission. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}7 used IP₃R2-KO mice together with astrocyte-targeted Gq- and Gi-DREADD manipulations and concluded that neither obliterating nor driving astrocyte Gq-coup...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}8 The tension sharpens rather than dissolves when one adds behaviour. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}9 ran a broad behavioural battery (anxiety, motor, sensory discrimination, spatial learning) on Itpr2^-/- mice and reported that none of the measured behaviours were altered, arguing against a general requirement for astrocyte IP₃R2-Ca^{2+} in cognition. ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}0, by contrast, showed a sp...

• ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}1 The tension sharpens rather than dissolves when one adds behaviour. ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}2 ran a broad behavioural battery (anxiety, motor, sensory discrimination, spatial learning) on Itpr2^-/- mice and reported that none of the measured behaviours were altered, arguing against a general requirement for astrocyte IP₃R2-Ca^{2+} in cognition. ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}3, by contrast, showed a sp...

• ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}4 The tension sharpens rather than dissolves when one adds behaviour. ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}5 ran a broad behavioural battery (anxiety, motor, sensory discrimination, spatial learning) on Itpr2^-/- mice and reported that none of the measured behaviours were altered, arguing against a general requirement for astrocyte IP₃R2-Ca^{2+} in cognition. ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}6, by contrast, showed a sp...

• ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}7 The tension sharpens rather than dissolves when one adds behaviour. ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}8 ran a broad behavioural battery (anxiety, motor, sensory discrimination, spatial learning) on Itpr2^-/- mice and reported that none of the measured behaviours were altered, arguing against a general requirement for astrocyte IP₃R2-Ca^{2+} in cognition. ^{7Citationpaper:paper-e41b42f4a553Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}9, by contrast, showed a sp...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}0 The tension sharpens rather than dissolves when one adds behaviour. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}1 ran a broad behavioural battery (anxiety, motor, sensory discrimination, spatial learning) on Itpr2^-/- mice and reported that none of the measured behaviours were altered, arguing against a general requirement for astrocyte IP₃R2-Ca^{2+} in cognition. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}2, by contrast, showed a sp...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}3 The tension sharpens rather than dissolves when one adds behaviour. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}4 ran a broad behavioural battery (anxiety, motor, sensory discrimination, spatial learning) on Itpr2^-/- mice and reported that none of the measured behaviours were altered, arguing against a general requirement for astrocyte IP₃R2-Ca^{2+} in cognition. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}5, by contrast, showed a sp...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}6 The tension sharpens rather than dissolves when one adds behaviour. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}7 ran a broad behavioural battery (anxiety, motor, sensory discrimination, spatial learning) on Itpr2^-/- mice and reported that none of the measured behaviours were altered, arguing against a general requirement for astrocyte IP₃R2-Ca^{2+} in cognition. ^{5Citationpaper:paper-883c8368100cThree Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference, 6Citationpaper:paper-9c595c660d61Three Ca^{2+} compartments of a cortical astrocyte. Schematic composite summarising conventions used throughout this section: (i) IP₃R2-dependent somatic and major-branch Ca^{2+}, driven by Gq-coupled receptors and largely abolished in Itpr2^-/- mice [srinivasan2015natneurosci, petravicz2014frontbehav]; (ii) IP₃R2-independent microdomain Ca^{2+} in fine perisynaptic processes, dep...content/03_calcium_signaling.md:line 11Open reference}8, by contrast, showed a sp...

• ... 54 additional anchors in refs_json