Dopaminergic Modulation of Loop Dynamics

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Citation contexts

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^{3Citationpaper:paper-e11b908f553f{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}6 {ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-e11b908f553f{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}7 {ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-e11b908f553f{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}8 {ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...
^{3Citationpaper:paper-e11b908f553f{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}9 {ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...
^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}0 {ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...
^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}1 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}2 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}3. The functional impact of this signal...
^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}4 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}5 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}6. The functional impact of this signal...
^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}7 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}8 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{4Citationpaper:paper-67686cf2b37d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}9. The functional impact of this signal...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}0 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}1 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}2. The functional impact of this signal...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}3 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}4 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}5. The functional impact of this signal...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}6 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}7 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}8. The functional impact of this signal...
^{5Citationpaper:paper-d5d19c1c4fa6{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}9 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}0 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}1. The functional impact of this signal...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}2 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}3 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}4. The functional impact of this signal...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}5 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}6 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}7. The functional impact of this signal...
^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}8 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{6Citationpaper:paper-9fb35c326ddf{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}9 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}0. The functional impact of this signal...
^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}1 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}2 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}3. The functional impact of this signal...
^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}4 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}5 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}6. The functional impact of this signal...
^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}7 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}8 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{7Citationpaper:paper-7a92db176977{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}9. The functional impact of this signal...
^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}0 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}1 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}2. The functional impact of this signal...
^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}3 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}4 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}5. The functional impact of this signal...
^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}6 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}7 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}8. The functional impact of this signal...
^{8Citationpaper:paper-8382a2d51c8d{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}9 The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by ^{9Citationpaper:paper-3a4a72b8e400{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}0 survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs ^{9Citationpaper:paper-3a4a72b8e400{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}1. The functional impact of this signal...
^{9Citationpaper:paper-3a4a72b8e400{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}2 The first cracks in the canonical picture come from anatomy. Modern monosynaptic input mapping shows that nearly half of inputs to VTA dopamine cells originate locally within the VTA itself, an architecture missed by earlier tracing studies and incompatible with the picture of a passive integrator broadcasting one signal ^{9Citationpaper:paper-3a4a72b8e400{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}3. Projection-defined subpopulations differ in input weighting and in the b...
^{9Citationpaper:paper-3a4a72b8e400{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}4 The first cracks in the canonical picture come from anatomy. Modern monosynaptic input mapping shows that nearly half of inputs to VTA dopamine cells originate locally within the VTA itself, an architecture missed by earlier tracing studies and incompatible with the picture of a passive integrator broadcasting one signal ^{9Citationpaper:paper-3a4a72b8e400{ref}sec-hypothalamic-extension closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...content/sec_10_dopaminergic_modulation.md:line 4Open reference}5. Projection-defined subpopulations differ in input weighting and in the b...
... 249 additional anchors in refs_json

References

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[Beier2022] paper:paper-9fb35c326ddf “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
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[Faget2016] paper:paper-3a4a72b8e400 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Dodson2016] paper:paper-35078dce1200 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Liu2025] paper:paper-022321a6400a “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Korbisch2026] paper:paper-5c6c633f9371 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Ji2007] paper:paper-181fcf1b67fd “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Berton2006] paper:8489a468-85ac-41af-8ca5-f2269b26056d “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Sousa2025] paper:paper-ead1a854cdf6 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Schultz2024] paper:paper-3f2709115234 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Warnberg2023] paper:paper-d54323d20074 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Robinson2003] paper:paper-7cead835ebb9 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Donthamsetti2021] paper:paper-28d4b1f1a9dd “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Shuen2008] paper:paper-213232f732ba “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Augustin2020] paper:paper-f17621d05c79 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Lazaridis2024] paper:paper-3ceed01b232d “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Stelly2019] paper:paper-9888c5c6c482 “{ref}`sec-hypothalamic-extension` closed by handing forward the modulation problem: how a single neuromodulator can simultaneously gate motivated approach, sculpt action selection, and teach value across every parallel cortico-basal-ganglia channel. The classical answer, that midbrain dopamine broadcasts a scalar reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum, has been the load-bearing assumption of computational acc...”
[Babayan2018] paper:paper-46aeaf755808 “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Sambrook2015] paper:paper-9ceea3ffd819 “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Nieuwenhuis2005] paper:paper-397bd7afbb90 “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Steinberg2014] paper:paper-ccc430bdb8ac “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Ilango2014] paper:paper-502196b44a43 “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Jeong2022] paper:paper-76d4bdbc73ec “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Schultz2016] paper:paper-76657df7c0a0 “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Calabresi1992] paper:paper-35ebefccfaa7 “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Calabresi1997] paper:paper-76135770bc2e “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Calabresi2000] paper:paper-1f5eddc7f655 “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”
[Kreitzer2005] paper:paper-962096c920d8 “The dopamine-as-RPE hypothesis formalized by [Schultz1998] survives because the basic phasic response of midbrain dopamine neurons to unexpected reward, its transfer to predictive cues, and its suppression at predicted-but-omitted rewards are reproduced across primates, rodents, and human ERP analogs [Watabe2017, Schultz2019, Tian2016, Babayan2018, Sambrook2015, Nieuwenhuis2005]. The functional impact of this signal...”

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