Introduction

Introduction

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Source: https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewPV/blob/df9fc7e8d455b084152c9d713558dae0013cef21/content/01_introduction.md

Citation anchors captured: 45

Citation contexts

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference} Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference} Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference} Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-48b808525190Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference} Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{5Citationpaper:paper-6d36973b50abAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference} Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}0 Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}1, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}2 Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}3, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}4 Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}5, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}6 Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}7, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}8 Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}9, PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}0 The sheer volume of research spanning molecular biology, developmental neuroscience, electrophysiology, circuit analysis, systems neuroscience, computational modeling, and translational medicine has generated a literature so vast that no single investigator can hold its full scope in view. More than a thousand publications per year now mention PV interneurons, and the rate continues to accelerate. This breadth prese...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}1 The sheer volume of research spanning molecular biology, developmental neuroscience, electrophysiology, circuit analysis, systems neuroscience, computational modeling, and translational medicine has generated a literature so vast that no single investigator can hold its full scope in view. More than a thousand publications per year now mention PV interneurons, and the rate continues to accelerate. This breadth prese...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}2 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}3 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}4 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}5 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}6 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}7 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}8 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{2Citationpaper:paper-ad1611a9283aAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}9 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}0 Act I — Identity: What PV interneurons ARE. The review begins by establishing PV interneuron identity at four complementary levels. {ref}sec-molecular-identity examines the transcriptomic taxonomy, revealing that PV interneurons form a coherent molecular subclass defined by co-expression of parvalbumin with Kv3 potassium channels, Nav1.1 sodium channels, and ErbB4, yet harbor internal diversity that recent sin...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}1 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}2 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}3 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}4 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}5 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}6 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}7 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}8 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}9 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}0 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}1 Act II — Mechanism: What PV interneurons DO. Having established identity, the review turns to function. {ref}sec-synaptic-physiology analyzes synaptic input specificity, output targeting, short-term depression dynamics, long-term plasticity, gap-junction coupling, and neuromodulatory regulation, including the long-contested polarity of chandelier cell synapses at the axon initial segment [Bartos2002fast, Woodr...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}2 Act III — Translation and Synthesis: What it all MEANS. The final act extends PV biology across species and into disease. {ref}sec-species-disease evaluates the clinical relevance of PV dysfunction in schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease, with explicit attention to replication status and the species-specific considerations that constrain translation [Lewis2012cortical, Ogiwara2007nav, Nakaz...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}3 Act III — Translation and Synthesis: What it all MEANS. The final act extends PV biology across species and into disease. {ref}sec-species-disease evaluates the clinical relevance of PV dysfunction in schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease, with explicit attention to replication status and the species-specific considerations that constrain translation [Lewis2012cortical, Ogiwara2007nav, Nakaz...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}4 Act III — Translation and Synthesis: What it all MEANS. The final act extends PV biology across species and into disease. {ref}sec-species-disease evaluates the clinical relevance of PV dysfunction in schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease, with explicit attention to replication status and the species-specific considerations that constrain translation [Lewis2012cortical, Ogiwara2007nav, Nakaz...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}5 Act III — Translation and Synthesis: What it all MEANS. The final act extends PV biology across species and into disease. {ref}sec-species-disease evaluates the clinical relevance of PV dysfunction in schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease, with explicit attention to replication status and the species-specific considerations that constrain translation [Lewis2012cortical, Ogiwara2007nav, Nakaz...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}6 Act III — Translation and Synthesis: What it all MEANS. The final act extends PV biology across species and into disease. {ref}sec-species-disease evaluates the clinical relevance of PV dysfunction in schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease, with explicit attention to replication status and the species-specific considerations that constrain translation [Lewis2012cortical, Ogiwara2007nav, Nakaz...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}7 Several cross-cutting tensions recur throughout the review, serving as organizing threads that connect otherwise disparate levels of analysis. The first is discrete versus continuous classification: whether PV interneurons subdivide into cleanly separable types or occupy a continuum that resists categorical boundaries ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}8. This question arises at every level — molecular ta...

• ^{3Citationpaper:paper-19bf293de901Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}9 Several cross-cutting tensions recur throughout the review, serving as organizing threads that connect otherwise disparate levels of analysis. The first is discrete versus continuous classification: whether PV interneurons subdivide into cleanly separable types or occupy a continuum that resists categorical boundaries ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}0. This question arises at every level — molecular ta...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}1 The second is the specificity question: whether PV inhibition is a blunt instrument applied uniformly to local circuits or a precisely tuned signal shaped by connection-specific rules ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}2. This debate manifests in the blanket-versus-selective inhibition controversy, in the question of whether PV tuning is feature-specific or co-tuned with locomotion and arousal, an...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}3 The second is the specificity question: whether PV inhibition is a blunt instrument applied uniformly to local circuits or a precisely tuned signal shaped by connection-specific rules ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}4. This debate manifests in the blanket-versus-selective inhibition controversy, in the question of whether PV tuning is feature-specific or co-tuned with locomotion and arousal, an...

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}5 The third is the translation gap: the distance between mouse models and human disease, between in vitro preparations and in vivo function, and between computational predictions and experimental testability ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}6. This gap constrains every therapeutic claim derived from PV interneuron research and demands explicit acknowledgment throughout.

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}7 The third is the translation gap: the distance between mouse models and human disease, between in vitro preparations and in vivo function, and between computational predictions and experimental testability ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}8. This gap constrains every therapeutic claim derived from PV interneuron research and demands explicit acknowledgment throughout.

• ^{1Citationpaper:paper-53c8505de50fAmong the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}9 The fourth is methodological constraint: the extent to which our conclusions about PV biology are shaped — and potentially distorted — by the tools used to study these cells. Cre-line specificity and off-target recombination, optogenetic activation artifacts, slice preparation effects on chloride reversal potentials, the conflation of correlation with causation in loss-of-function studies, and the limited cell-t...

• ^{4Citationpaper:paper-48b808525190Among the diverse cell types that compose the mammalian cerebral cortex, few have attracted as much sustained attention as parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. Constituting approximately 40% of cortical GABAergic neurons [Tremblay2016gabaergic], PV interneurons occupy a unique position in neural circuit architecture: they are the principal source of perisomatic inhibition onto pyramidal cells, the fastest-firi...content/01_introduction.md:line 6Open reference}0 The fourth is methodological constraint: the extent to which our conclusions about PV biology are shaped — and potentially distorted — by the tools used to study these cells. Cre-line specificity and off-target recombination, optogenetic activation artifacts, slice preparation effects on chloride reversal potentials, the conflation of correlation with causation in loss-of-function studies, and the limited cell-t...