Circuit Motifs and Dendritic Computation
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Citation anchors captured: 228
Citation contexts
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1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference The synaptic connectivity patterns described in{ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround... -
2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference The synaptic connectivity patterns described in{ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround... -
3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference The synaptic connectivity patterns described in{ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround... -
4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference The synaptic connectivity patterns described in{ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround... -
5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference The synaptic connectivity patterns described in{ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround... -
6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference The synaptic connectivity patterns described in{ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround... -
7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference The synaptic connectivity patterns described in{ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround... -
8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference A central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see{ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration... -
9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference A central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see{ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration... -
1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference A central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see{ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration... -
2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference0 A central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see{ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration... -
2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference1 The experimental evidence, however, does not cleanly support either characterization as the universal mode of SST-mediated inhibition. 2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference2 performed the foundational optogenetic experiment in mouse V1, activating SST interneurons while recording visual responses in pyramidal neurons. Their central finding was that “dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons primarily change response offset” —... -
2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference3 The experimental evidence, however, does not cleanly support either characterization as the universal mode of SST-mediated inhibition. 2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference4 performed the foundational optogenetic experiment in mouse V1, activating SST interneurons while recording visual responses in pyramidal neurons. Their central finding was that “dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons primarily change response offset” —... -
2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference5 The experimental evidence, however, does not cleanly support either characterization as the universal mode of SST-mediated inhibition. 2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference6 performed the foundational optogenetic experiment in mouse V1, activating SST interneurons while recording visual responses in pyramidal neurons. Their central finding was that “dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons primarily change response offset” —... -
2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference7 The experimental evidence, however, does not cleanly support either characterization as the universal mode of SST-mediated inhibition. 2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference8 performed the foundational optogenetic experiment in mouse V1, activating SST interneurons while recording visual responses in pyramidal neurons. Their central finding was that “dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons primarily change response offset” —... -
2CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference9 The experimental evidence, however, does not cleanly support either characterization as the universal mode of SST-mediated inhibition. 3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference0 performed the foundational optogenetic experiment in mouse V1, activating SST interneurons while recording visual responses in pyramidal neurons. Their central finding was that “dendrite-targeting, somatostatin-expressing (SOM) neurons primarily change response offset” —... -
3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference1 Yet the Wilson et al. finding has not been straightforwardly replicated under different experimental conditions, and subsequent work has revealed that the type of inhibition depends critically on the circuit context. 3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference2 used a similar optogenetic approach in mouse V1 but found that “divisive inhibition prevails during simultaneous optogenetic activation of PV and SST interneurons” 3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference3, suggesting... -
3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference4 Yet the Wilson et al. finding has not been straightforwardly replicated under different experimental conditions, and subsequent work has revealed that the type of inhibition depends critically on the circuit context. 3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference5 used a similar optogenetic approach in mouse V1 but found that “divisive inhibition prevails during simultaneous optogenetic activation of PV and SST interneurons” 3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference6, suggesting... -
3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference7 Yet the Wilson et al. finding has not been straightforwardly replicated under different experimental conditions, and subsequent work has revealed that the type of inhibition depends critically on the circuit context. 3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference8 used a similar optogenetic approach in mouse V1 but found that “divisive inhibition prevails during simultaneous optogenetic activation of PV and SST interneurons” 3CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference9, suggesting... -
4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference0 Yet the Wilson et al. finding has not been straightforwardly replicated under different experimental conditions, and subsequent work has revealed that the type of inhibition depends critically on the circuit context. 4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference1 used a similar optogenetic approach in mouse V1 but found that “divisive inhibition prevails during simultaneous optogenetic activation of PV and SST interneurons” 4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference2, suggesting... -
4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference3 More recently, 4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference4 demonstrated that VIP interneurons locally control the gain of pyramidal cell responses but globally control the spatial extent of surround suppression, with both effects mediated through VIP inhibition of SST neurons 4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference5. This finding reframes SST-mediated inhibition not as inherently subtractive, but as a component within a multi-interneuron gain control system whose net effect dep... -
4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference6 More recently, 4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference7 demonstrated that VIP interneurons locally control the gain of pyramidal cell responses but globally control the spatial extent of surround suppression, with both effects mediated through VIP inhibition of SST neurons 4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference8. This finding reframes SST-mediated inhibition not as inherently subtractive, but as a component within a multi-interneuron gain control system whose net effect dep... -
4CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference9 More recently, 5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference0 demonstrated that VIP interneurons locally control the gain of pyramidal cell responses but globally control the spatial extent of surround suppression, with both effects mediated through VIP inhibition of SST neurons 5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference1. This finding reframes SST-mediated inhibition not as inherently subtractive, but as a component within a multi-interneuron gain control system whose net effect dep... -
5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference2 More recently, 5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference3 demonstrated that VIP interneurons locally control the gain of pyramidal cell responses but globally control the spatial extent of surround suppression, with both effects mediated through VIP inhibition of SST neurons 5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference4. This finding reframes SST-mediated inhibition not as inherently subtractive, but as a component within a multi-interneuron gain control system whose net effect dep... -
5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference5 More recently, 5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference6 demonstrated that VIP interneurons locally control the gain of pyramidal cell responses but globally control the spatial extent of surround suppression, with both effects mediated through VIP inhibition of SST neurons 5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference7. This finding reframes SST-mediated inhibition not as inherently subtractive, but as a component within a multi-interneuron gain control system whose net effect dep... -
5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference8 Computational work has formalized why the divisive-versus-subtractive question may itself be misframed. Subsequent work modeled recurrent networks with multiple interneuron subtypes and found that SST neurons could produce either subtractive or divisive modulation of orientation tuning curves depending on the connectivity structure and tuning properties of the network. The implication is that the type of inhibition... -
5CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference9 Computational work has formalized why the divisive-versus-subtractive question may itself be misframed. Subsequent work modeled recurrent networks with multiple interneuron subtypes and found that SST neurons could produce either subtractive or divisive modulation of orientation tuning curves depending on the connectivity structure and tuning properties of the network. The implication is that the type of inhibition... -
6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference0 Computational work has formalized why the divisive-versus-subtractive question may itself be misframed. Subsequent work modeled recurrent networks with multiple interneuron subtypes and found that SST neurons could produce either subtractive or divisive modulation of orientation tuning curves depending on the connectivity structure and tuning properties of the network. The implication is that the type of inhibition... -
6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference1 Cross-study comparison of SST-mediated inhibition type{numref}fig-sec7-gain-control. Experimental studies in mouse V1 report subtractive 6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference2 or divisive 6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference3 inhibition depending on whether SST neurons are activated alone or with concurrent PV activation. Computational models demonstrate that the inhibition type is an emergent network property dependent on connectivity and concurrent interneuron... -
6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference4 Cross-study comparison of SST-mediated inhibition type{numref}fig-sec7-gain-control. Experimental studies in mouse V1 report subtractive 6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference5 or divisive 6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference6 inhibition depending on whether SST neurons are activated alone or with concurrent PV activation. Computational models demonstrate that the inhibition type is an emergent network property dependent on connectivity and concurrent interneuron... -
6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference7 Cross-study comparison of SST-mediated inhibition type{numref}fig-sec7-gain-control. Experimental studies in mouse V1 report subtractive 6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference8 or divisive 6CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference9 inhibition depending on whether SST neurons are activated alone or with concurrent PV activation. Computational models demonstrate that the inhibition type is an emergent network property dependent on connectivity and concurrent interneuron... -
7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference0 The resolution emerging from these studies is that characterizing SST inhibition as divisive or subtractive is likely a false dichotomy 7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference1. The same SST neurons can produce either effect depending on the stimulus context, behavioral state, and concurrent activity of other interneuron classes 7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference2. This reframing has implications for computational models that assign fixed function... -
7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference3 The resolution emerging from these studies is that characterizing SST inhibition as divisive or subtractive is likely a false dichotomy 7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference4. The same SST neurons can produce either effect depending on the stimulus context, behavioral state, and concurrent activity of other interneuron classes 7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference5. This reframing has implications for computational models that assign fixed function... -
7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference6 The resolution emerging from these studies is that characterizing SST inhibition as divisive or subtractive is likely a false dichotomy 7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference7. The same SST neurons can produce either effect depending on the stimulus context, behavioral state, and concurrent activity of other interneuron classes 7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference8. This reframing has implications for computational models that assign fixed function... -
7CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference9 The resolution emerging from these studies is that characterizing SST inhibition as divisive or subtractive is likely a false dichotomy 8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference0. The same SST neurons can produce either effect depending on the stimulus context, behavioral state, and concurrent activity of other interneuron classes 8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference1. This reframing has implications for computational models that assign fixed function... -
8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference2 Surround suppression — the reduction in a neuron’s response when stimuli extend beyond its classical receptive field — is among the most studied visual cortex phenomena and has become closely associated with SST interneurons. The mechanistic logic is appealing: SST Martinotti cells have horizontally extending axons in layer 1, ideally positioned to relay lateral excitation from surrounding columns onto the distal de... -
8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference3 The landmark study by prior studies used optogenetic silencing of SST interneurons in mouse V1 and reported that this manipulation substantially reduced surround suppression, framing the question of “whether cortical circuits contribute to surround suppression or whether the phenomenon is entirely inherited from upstream processing stages”. This result was influential in establishing SST neurons as a cortical substr... -
8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference4 The landmark study by prior studies used optogenetic silencing of SST interneurons in mouse V1 and reported that this manipulation substantially reduced surround suppression, framing the question of “whether cortical circuits contribute to surround suppression or whether the phenomenon is entirely inherited from upstream processing stages”. This result was influential in establishing SST neurons as a cortical substr... -
8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference5 Yet several complications have emerged since. The subcortical contributions are substantial and cannot be treated as negligible. it has been demonstrated a retino-colliculo-pulvinar pathway that activates SST neurons to enhance feature selectivity, revealing that at least some SST-mediated surround effects originate from thalamic rather than intracortical lateral connections. prior studies provided complementary evi... -
8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference6 Yet several complications have emerged since. The subcortical contributions are substantial and cannot be treated as negligible. it has been demonstrated a retino-colliculo-pulvinar pathway that activates SST neurons to enhance feature selectivity, revealing that at least some SST-mediated surround effects originate from thalamic rather than intracortical lateral connections. prior studies provided complementary evi... -
8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference7 Yet several complications have emerged since. The subcortical contributions are substantial and cannot be treated as negligible. it has been demonstrated a retino-colliculo-pulvinar pathway that activates SST neurons to enhance feature selectivity, revealing that at least some SST-mediated surround effects originate from thalamic rather than intracortical lateral connections. prior studies provided complementary evi... -
8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference8 The SST contribution also appears to be state-dependent rather than constitutive. it has been shown that behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of SST interneurons in surround suppression, suggesting that the original Adesnik et al. finding — obtained under specific stimulus and state conditions — may not generalize across behavioral contexts. Recent work by 8CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference9 has added further nuance... -
9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference0 The SST contribution also appears to be state-dependent rather than constitutive. it has been shown that behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of SST interneurons in surround suppression, suggesting that the original Adesnik et al. finding — obtained under specific stimulus and state conditions — may not generalize across behavioral contexts. Recent work by 9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference1 has added further nuance... -
9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference2 The SST contribution also appears to be state-dependent rather than constitutive. it has been shown that behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of SST interneurons in surround suppression, suggesting that the original Adesnik et al. finding — obtained under specific stimulus and state conditions — may not generalize across behavioral contexts. Recent work by 9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference3 has added further nuance... -
9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference4 The SST contribution also appears to be state-dependent rather than constitutive. it has been shown that behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of SST interneurons in surround suppression, suggesting that the original Adesnik et al. finding — obtained under specific stimulus and state conditions — may not generalize across behavioral contexts. Recent work by 9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference5 has added further nuance... -
9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference6 The SST contribution also appears to be state-dependent rather than constitutive. it has been shown that behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of SST interneurons in surround suppression, suggesting that the original Adesnik et al. finding — obtained under specific stimulus and state conditions — may not generalize across behavioral contexts. Recent work by 9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference7 has added further nuance... -
9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}
sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference8 The question of whether SST neurons are necessary or merely sufficient for surround suppression remains incompletely resolved. Stabilized supralinear network (SSN) models can produce surround suppression through the intrinsic properties of recurrent excitatory-inhibitory circuits without requiring SST-specific lateral connectivity 9CitationA central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}sec-morphological-diversity), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 7Open reference9, raising the possibility that SST silencing disrupts surround suppression no... -
1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference0 The question of whether SST neurons are necessary or merely sufficient for surround suppression remains incompletely resolved. Stabilized supralinear network (SSN) models can produce surround suppression through the intrinsic properties of recurrent excitatory-inhibitory circuits without requiring SST-specific lateral connectivity 1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference1, raising the possibility that SST silencing disrupts surround suppression no... -
1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference2 The picture that emerges is of SST neurons as one of several contributors to surround suppression in visual cortex, with the relative importance of each mechanism depending on species, cortical area, stimulus features, and behavioral state 1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference3. Models incorporating multiple inhibitory classes reproduce surround suppression without requiring SST-specific lateral connectivity 1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference4, This is a more... -
1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}
sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference5 The picture that emerges is of SST neurons as one of several contributors to surround suppression in visual cortex, with the relative importance of each mechanism depending on species, cortical area, stimulus features, and behavioral state 1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference6. Models incorporating multiple inhibitory classes reproduce surround suppression without requiring SST-specific lateral connectivity 1CitationThe synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}sec-synaptic-connectivity— facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...content/07_circuit_motifs.md:line 3Open reference7, This is a more... -
... 178 additional anchors in refs_json
References
- [Wilson2012] “The synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}`sec-synaptic-connectivity` — facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...”
- [Pi2013] “The synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}`sec-synaptic-connectivity` — facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...”
- [Fu2014] “The synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}`sec-synaptic-connectivity` — facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...”
- [LovettBarron2012] “The synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}`sec-synaptic-connectivity` — facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...”
- [LovettBarron2014] “The synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}`sec-synaptic-connectivity` — facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...”
- [Gambino2014] “The synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}`sec-synaptic-connectivity` — facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...”
- [Udakis2025] “The synaptic connectivity patterns described in {ref}`sec-synaptic-connectivity` — facilitating excitatory inputs, dendritic-targeting inhibition of pyramidal cells, and preferential inhibition by VIP interneurons — define the structural scaffolding from which SST interneurons participate in circuit-level computations. Three canonical functions have been attributed to SST-containing circuits: gain control, surround...”
- [Schuman2021] “A central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}`sec-morphological-diversity`), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...”
- [Larkum1999] “A central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}`sec-morphological-diversity`), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...”
- [Lee2012] “A central claim in the SST interneuron literature is that these cells implement gain control — a computational operation that scales neural responses to maintain sensitivity across a wide range of input intensities. Because Martinotti-type SST neurons target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells (see {ref}`sec-morphological-diversity`), they are anatomically positioned to modulate the gain of dendritic integration...”
- [Ingram2019] “Yet the Wilson et al. finding has not been straightforwardly replicated under different experimental conditions, and subsequent work has revealed that the type of inhibition depends critically on the circuit context. [Ingram2019] used a similar optogenetic approach in mouse V1 but found that "divisive inhibition prevails during simultaneous optogenetic activation of PV and SST interneurons" [Ingram2019], suggesting...”
- [Veit2023] “More recently, [Veit2023] demonstrated that VIP interneurons locally control the gain of pyramidal cell responses but globally control the spatial extent of surround suppression, with both effects mediated through VIP inhibition of SST neurons [Veit2023]. This finding reframes SST-mediated inhibition not as inherently subtractive, but as a component within a multi-interneuron gain control system whose net effect dep...”
- [Bos2025] “More recently, [Veit2023] demonstrated that VIP interneurons locally control the gain of pyramidal cell responses but globally control the spatial extent of surround suppression, with both effects mediated through VIP inhibition of SST neurons [Veit2023]. This finding reframes SST-mediated inhibition not as inherently subtractive, but as a component within a multi-interneuron gain control system whose net effect dep...”
- [Quax2017] “Yet several complications have emerged since. The subcortical contributions are substantial and cannot be treated as negligible. it has been demonstrated a retino-colliculo-pulvinar pathway that activates SST neurons to enhance feature selectivity, revealing that at least some SST-mediated surround effects originate from thalamic rather than intracortical lateral connections. prior studies provided complementary evi...”
- [Hendricks2026] “The SST contribution also appears to be state-dependent rather than constitutive. it has been shown that behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of SST interneurons in surround suppression, suggesting that the original Adesnik et al. finding — obtained under specific stimulus and state conditions — may not generalize across behavioral contexts. Recent work by [Hendricks2026] has added further nuance...”
- [Isbister2026] “The question of whether SST neurons are necessary or merely sufficient for surround suppression remains incompletely resolved. Stabilized supralinear network (SSN) models can produce surround suppression through the intrinsic properties of recurrent excitatory-inhibitory circuits without requiring SST-specific lateral connectivity [Bos2025], raising the possibility that SST silencing disrupts surround suppression no...”
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