ULTRA, a wide-field adaptive 2P microscope, images mouse cortex at single-cell…

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  "doi": "10.1038/s41377-026-02252-2",
  "claim": "ULTRA, a wide-field adaptive 2P microscope, images mouse cortex at single-cell resolution across a >50 mm² FOV from surface down to 900 µm — pushing the present-day in-vivo 2P recording envelope toward but not into deeper cortical layers.",
  "cite_key": "Yang2026a",
  "evidence": "Quantitative bound on combined-depth-and-FOV 2P imaging in mouse cortex; complements three-photon depth claims by showing 2P stops short of ~1 mm.",
  "effect_size": ">50 mm² FOV; depth up to 900 µm; volume 45.24 mm³",
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  "study_system": "Mouse brain in vivo; ULTRA wide-field adaptive 2P microscope",
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  "claim_source_sentence": "To demonstrate its capabilities, we conducted a series of experiments under multiple imaging conditions, successfully visualizing brain structures and neuronal activities spanning a spatial range of over 7 mm from superficial layers to depths of up to 900 μm, while covering a volume of 45.24 mm<sup>3</sup> in the mouse brain.",
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  "effect_size_source_sentence": "Here, we introduce a state-of-the-art two-photon microscopy system, ULTRA, capable of single-cell resolution imaging across an ultra-large field of view (FOV) exceeding 50 mm², enabling deep and wide field in vivo imaging."
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To demonstrate its capabilities, we conducted a series of experiments under multiple imaging conditions, successfully visualizing brain structures and neuronal activities spanning a spatial range of over 7 mm from superficial layers to depths of up to 900 μm, while covering a volume of 45.24 mm<sup>3</sup> in the mouse brain.

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15. Methodological limits and emerging tools — what current mouse-cortex tools cannot yet measure about E→E recurrence (subthreshold network activity, fast plasticity in vivo, millimetre-scale dynamic connectomes), and what is on the near horizon

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