In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) s…

In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) showed that sound-evoked spiking occurs in an extremely small fraction of cells, with sparse auditory activity that does not encode stimulus identity nor audio-tactile feature conjunctions, and that this cross-modal influence is unchanged after passive experience or reinforcement — bounding what 'multisensory integration in primary sensory cortex' actually means in mouse cortex.

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  "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2024.10.020",
  "claim": "In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging in mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) showed that sound-evoked spiking occurs in an extremely small fraction of cells, with sparse auditory activity that does not encode stimulus identity nor audio-tactile feature conjunctions, and that this cross-modal influence is unchanged after passive experience or reinforcement — bounding what 'multisensory integration in primary sensory cortex' actually means in mouse cortex.",
  "cite_key": "Kato2025",
  "evidence": "2P calcium imaging in mouse S1 across naive and trained mice; quantitative absence of auditory feature encoding.",
  "effect_size": "auditory and audio-tactile stimulus encoding unchanged by passive experience or reinforcement",
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  "study_system": "Mouse S1, 2P calcium imaging",
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We found sound-evoked spiking activity in an extremely small fraction of cells, and this sparse activity did not encode auditory stimulus identity. Moreover, S1 did not encode information about specific audio-tactile feature conjunctions. Auditory and audio-tactile stimulus encoding remained unchanged after both passive experience and reinforcement.

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15. Methodological limits and emerging tools — what current mouse-cortex tools cannot yet measure about E→E recurrence (subthreshold network activity, fast plasticity in vivo, millimetre-scale dynamic connectomes), and what is on the near horizon

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