Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases.

1. Cell. 2023 Feb 16;186(4):693-714. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.032.

Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases.

Wilson DM 3rd(1), Cookson MR(2), Van Den Bosch L(3), Zetterberg H(4), Holtzman DM(5), Dewachter I(6).

Author information: (1)Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium. Electronic address: david.wilson@uhasselt.be. (2)Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. (3)KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. (4)Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; UW Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. (5)Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. (6)Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium. Electronic address: ilse.dewachter@uhasselt.be.

Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks of NDD: pathological protein aggregation, synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, cytoskeletal abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, DNA and RNA defects, inflammation, and neuronal cell