Paper corpus
The substrate's largest content table — every paper carries an abstract, journal · year, citation count, MeSH terms, and outbound links to PubMed, DOI, and PMC where available.
Browsing all papers, sorted by Most cited.
A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis
A visual attention system, inspired by the behavior and the neuronal architecture of the early primate visual system, is presented. Multiscale image features are combined into a single topographical saliency map. A dynamical neural network then selects attended locations in order of decreasing saliency. The system breaks down the complex problem of scene und…
Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity
Fluorescent calcium sensors are widely used to image neural activity. Using structure-based mutagenesis and neuron-based screening, we developed a family of ultrasensitive protein calcium sensors (GCaMP6) that outperformed other sensors in cultured neurons and in zebrafish, flies and mice in vivo. In layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the mouse visual cortex, GC…
Computational modelling of visual attention
Five important trends have emerged from recent work on computational models of focal visual attention that emphasize the bottom-up, image-based control of attentional deployment. First, the perceptual saliency of stimuli critically depends on the surrounding context. Second, a unique 'saliency map' that topographically encodes for stimulus conspicuity over t…
The origin of extracellular fields and currents — EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes
The origin of extracellular fields and currents--EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes. Buzsáki G(1), Anastassiou CA, Koch C.
Shifts in Selective Visual Attention: Towards the Underlying Neural Circuitry
Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry. Koch C, Ullman S. Psychophysical and physiological evidence indicates that the visual system of primates and humans has evolved a specialized processing focus moving across the visual scene. This study addresses the question of how simple networks of neuron-like elements can accou…
Graph-Based Visual Saliency
A new bottom-up visual saliency model, Graph-Based Visual Saliency (GBVS), is proposed. It consists of two steps: first forming activation maps on certain feature \nchannels, and then normalizing them in a way which highlights conspicuity and admits combination with other maps. The model is simple, and biologically plausible \ninsofar as it is natura…
A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention
A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Itti L(1), Koch C.
Fully integrated silicon probes for high-density recording of neural activity
Sensory, motor and cognitive operations involve the coordinated action of large neuronal populations across multiple brain regions in both superficial and deep structures. Existing extracellular probes record neural activity with excellent spatial and temporal (sub-millisecond) resolution, but from only a few dozen neurons per shank. Optical Ca2+ imaging off…
Molecular Signature of CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion during Chronic Viral Infection
Oct 18. Molecular signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection. Wherry EJ(1), Ha SJ, Kaech SM, Haining WN, Sarkar S, Kalia V, Subramaniam S, Blattman JN, Barber DL, Ahmed R.
Biophysics of Computation
Neural network research often builds on the fiction that neurons are simple linear threshold units, completely neglecting the highly dynamic and complex nature of synapses, dendrites, and voltage-dependent ionic currents. Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons challenges this notion, using richly detailed experimental and theoret…
Invariant visual representation by single neurons in the human brain
Invariant visual representation by single neurons in the human brain. Quiroga RQ(1), Reddy L, Kreiman G, Koch C, Fried I.
Imaging neural activity in worms, flies and mice with improved GCaMP calcium indicators
Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) can be used to image activity in defined neuronal populations. However, current GECIs produce inferior signals compared to synthetic indicators and recording electrodes, precluding detection of low firing rates. We developed a single-wavelength GCaMP2-based GECI (GCaMP3), with increased baseline fluorescence (3-…
Experience-dependent structural synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain
Synaptic plasticity in adult neural circuits may involve the strengthening or weakening of existing synapses as well as structural plasticity, including synapse formation and elimination. Indeed, long-term in vivo imaging studies are beginning to reveal the structural dynamics of neocortical neurons in the normal and injured adult brain. Although the overall…
Long-term in vivo imaging of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in adult cortex
Do new synapses form in the adult cortex to support experience-dependent plasticity? To address this question, we repeatedly imaged individual pyramidal neurons in the mouse barrel cortex over periods of weeks. We found that, although dendritic structure is stable, some spines appear and disappear. Spine lifetimes vary greatly: stable spines, about 50% of th…
Direct observation of kinesin stepping by optical trapping interferometry
Do biological motors move with regular steps? To address this question, we constructed instrumentation with the spatial and temporal sensitivity to resolve movement on a molecular scale. We deposited silica beads carrying single molecules of the motor protein kinesin on microtubules using optical tweezers and analysed their motion under controlled loads by i…
An efficient targeted nuclease strategy for high-resolution mapping of DNA binding sites
We describe Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN), a chromatin profiling strategy in which antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by micrococcal nuclease releases specific protein-DNA complexes into the supernatant for paired-end DNA sequencing. Unlike Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), which fragments and solubilizes total chromatin,…
Effector and memory T-cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development
Effector and memory T-cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development. Kaech SM(1), Wherry EJ, Ahmed R.
Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets
Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets. Wherry EJ(1), Teichgräber V, Becker TC, Masopust D, Kaech SM, Antia R, von Andrian UH, Ahmed R.
Inflammation Directs Memory Precursor and Short-Lived Effector CD8+ T Cell Fates via the Graded Expression of T-bet Transcription Factor
Inflammation directs memory precursor and short-lived effector CD8(+) T cell fates via the graded expression of T-bet transcription factor. Joshi NS(1), Cui W, Chandele A, Lee HK, Urso DR, Hagman J, Gapin L, Kaech SM.
Selective expression of the interleukin 7 receptor identifies effector CD8 T cells that give rise to long-lived memory cells
Selective expression of the interleukin 7 receptor identifies effector CD8 T cells that give rise to long-lived memory cells. Kaech SM(1), Tan JT, Wherry EJ, Konieczny BT, Surh CD, Ahmed R.