Paper corpus
The substrate's largest content table — every paper carries an abstract, journal · year, citation count, MeSH terms, and outbound links to PubMed, DOI, and PMC where available.
Showing 2022 papers, sorted by Most cited.
Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answering
When answering a question, humans utilize the information available across different modalities to synthesize a consistent and complete chain of thought (CoT). This process is normally a black box in the case of deep learning models like large-scale language models. Recently, science question benchmarks have been used to diagnose the multi-hop reasoning abil…
Human Inborn Errors of Immunity: 2022 Update on the Classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee
We report the updated classification of inborn errors of immunity, compiled by the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee. This report documents the key clinical and laboratory features of 55 novel monogenic gene defects, and 1 phenocopy due to autoantibodies, that have either been discovered since the previous update (published Janu…
Decomposed Prompting: A Modular Approach for Solving Complex Tasks
Few-shot prompting is a surprisingly powerful way to use Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve various tasks. However, this approach struggles as the task complexity increases or when the individual reasoning steps of the task themselves are hard to learn, especially when embedded in more complex tasks. To address this, we propose Decomposed Prompting, a new…
Complexity-Based Prompting for Multi-Step Reasoning
We study the task of prompting large-scale language models to perform multi-step reasoning. Existing work shows that when prompted with a chain of thoughts (CoT), sequences of short sentences describing intermediate reasoning steps towards a final answer, large language models can generate new reasoning chains and predict answers for new inputs. A central qu…
High-content CRISPR screening
The 2022 Update of IUIS Phenotypical Classification for Human Inborn Errors of Immunity
The International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) expert committee (EC) on Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) reports here the 2022 updated phenotypic classification, which accompanies and complements the most-recent genotypic classification. This phenotypic classification is aimed for clinicians at the bedside and focuses on clinical features and labor…
Dynamic Prompt Learning via Policy Gradient for Semi-structured Mathematical Reasoning
Mathematical reasoning, a core ability of human intelligence, presents unique challenges for machines in abstract thinking and logical reasoning. Recent large pre-trained language models such as GPT-3 have achieved remarkable progress on mathematical reasoning tasks written in text form, such as math word problems (MWP). However, it is unknown if the models…
What is a cell type and how to define it?
Cell types are the basic functional units of an organism. Cell types exhibit diverse phenotypic properties at multiple levels, making them challenging to define, categorize, and understand. This review provides an overview of the basic principles of cell types rooted in evolution and development and discusses approaches to characterize and classify cell type…
Local connectivity and synaptic dynamics in mouse and human neocortex.
We present a unique, extensive, and open synaptic physiology analysis platform and dataset. Through its application, we reveal principles that relate cell type to synaptic properties and intralaminar circuit organization in the mouse and human cortex. The dynamics of excitatory synapses align with the postsynaptic cell subclass, whereas inhibitory synapse dy…
Conservation and divergence of cortical cell organization in human and mouse revealed by MERFISH
The human cerebral cortex has tremendous cellular diversity. How different cell types are organized in the human cortex and how cellular organization varies across species remain unclear. In this study, we performed spatially resolved single-cell profiling of 4000 genes using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH), identified m…
Embryo model completes gastrulation to neurulation and organogenesis
Embryonic stem (ES) cells can undergo many aspects of mammalian embryogenesis in vitro1-5, but their developmental potential is substantially extended by interactions with extraembryonic stem cells, including trophoblast stem (TS) cells, extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells and inducible XEN (iXEN) cells6-11. Here we assembled stem cell-derived embryos i…
High-content CRISPR screening
CRISPR screens are a powerful source of biological discovery, enabling the unbiased interrogation of gene function in a wide range of applications and species. In pooled CRISPR screens, various genetically encoded perturbations are introduced into pools of cells. The targeted cells proliferate under a biological challenge such as cell competition, drug treat…
Imprinted SARS-CoV-2-specific memory lymphocytes define hybrid immunity
Immune memory is tailored by cues that lymphocytes perceive during priming. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic created a situation in which nascent memory could be tracked through additional antigen exposures. Both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induce multifaceted, functional immune memory, but together, they eng…
Systematic reconstruction of cellular trajectories across mouse embryogenesis
Mammalian embryogenesis is characterized by rapid cellular proliferation and diversification. Within a few weeks, a single-cell zygote gives rise to millions of cells expressing a panoply of molecular programs. Although intensively studied, a comprehensive delineation of the major cellular trajectories that comprise mammalian development in vivo remains elus…
Networking brainstem and basal ganglia circuits for movement
The execution and learning of diverse movements involve neuronal networks distributed throughout the nervous system. The brainstem and basal ganglia are key for processing motor information. Both harbour functionally specialized populations stratified on the basis of axonal projections, synaptic inputs and gene expression, revealing a correspondence between…
A midbrain-thalamus-cortex circuit reorganizes cortical dynamics to initiate movement
Motor behaviors are often planned long before execution but only released after specific sensory events. Planning and execution are each associated with distinct patterns of motor cortex activity. Key questions are how these dynamic activity patterns are generated and how they relate to behavior. Here, we investigate the multi-regional neural circuits that l…
Memory-assisted prompt editing to improve GPT-3 after deployment
Large LMs such as GPT -3 are powerful, but can commit mistakes that are obvious to humans. For example, GPT -3 would mistakenly interpret "What word is similar to good ?" to mean a homonym, while the user intended a synonym. Our goal is to effectively correct such errors via user interactions with the sys-tem but without retraining, which will be pro-hibitiv…
A time-resolved, multi-symbol molecular recorder via sequential genome editing
DNA is naturally well suited to serve as a digital medium for in vivo molecular recording. However, contemporary DNA-based memory devices are constrained in terms of the number of distinct 'symbols' that can be concurrently recorded and/or by a failure to capture the order in which events occur1. Here we describe DNA Typewriter, a general system for in vivo…
A hybrid open-top light-sheet microscope for versatile multi-scale imaging of cleared tissues
Light-sheet microscopy has emerged as the preferred means for high-throughput volumetric imaging of cleared tissues. However, there is a need for a flexible system that can address imaging applications with varied requirements in terms of resolution, sample size, tissue-clearing protocol, and transparent sample-holder material. Here, we present a 'hybrid' sy…
LILA: A Unified Benchmark for Mathematical Reasoning
Mathematical reasoning skills are essential for general-purpose intelligentsystems to perform tasks from grocery shopping to climate modeling.Towards evaluating and improving AI systems in this domain, we proposeLILA, a unified mathematical reasoning benchmark consisting of 23 diversetasks along four dimensions:(i) mathematical abilities e.g., arithmetic, ca…