{
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{
"n": null,
"doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-09427-8",
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"cite_key": "Gomez2025",
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"study_system": "rats",
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"experimental_conditions": "Expression of an excitatory cocaine-gated channel in the rat lateral habenula, a brain region that i"
},
{
"n": 6,
"doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1757023",
"value": "1%",
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"cite_key": "deOliveira2026",
"n_analyzed": 6,
"text_access": "fulltext",
"n_definition": "animals or subjects",
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"study_system": "mice",
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"value_source_sentence": "2.2 Drugs The animals were treated with FK506 (Tacrolimus; LC Laboratory, United States), which was diluted in a solution of 1% DMSO, 5% Tween 80, and sterile saline, at a dose of 5 mg/kg, administered via subcutaneous (s.c.) injection 80 min before each behavioral test.",
"experimental_conditions": "Dendritic spine density was evaluated in the dentate gyrus and nucleus accumbens.<h4>Results</h4>In "
},
{
"n": null,
"doi": "10.7554/elife.100085",
"value": "25%",
"method": "various",
"metric": "reward circuit engagement",
"cite_key": "Oriol2025",
"n_analyzed": null,
"text_access": "fulltext",
"n_definition": "animals or subjects",
"scope_region": "mesolimbic circuit",
"study_system": "rats",
"taxonomic_level": "drug class",
"scope_population": "drug-exposed",
"value_source_sentence": "Glutamate neurons are also prevalent in VTA and overlap with other populations such that ~25% of VTA glutamate neurons co-express a DA marker and ~25% express a GABA marker ( Conrad et al., 2024 ; Ma et al., 2023 ; Phillips et al., 2022 ).",
"experimental_conditions": "Challenging previous assumptions, we found that VTA neurons genetically defined by expression of par"
},
{
"n": null,
"doi": "10.1038/s42003-026-09705-9",
"value": "3.8%",
"method": "various",
"metric": "reward circuit engagement",
"cite_key": "Zhang2026b",
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"scope_region": "mesolimbic circuit",
"study_system": "rats",
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"scope_population": "drug-exposed",
"value_source_sentence": "Cannabis and depression Approximately 3.8% of the global population has used cannabis, primarily due to cannabinoids, which are classified as endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids.",
"experimental_conditions": "Emerging evidence indicates that chronic exposure to addictive substances can induce or exacerbate d"
}
],
"comparison_id": "fig_sec5_convergent_vs_divergent",
"comparison_type": "evidence_scorecard",
"homogeneity_check": {
"caveats": [
"Evidence strength varies by drug class — some have decades of research, others are newer",
"DA-dependent vs DA-independent evidence is asymmetric across drugs",
"Self-administration paradigms differ across drug classes"
],
"comparable": true,
"n_definition": "studies reporting DA measurement",
"scope_region": "nucleus accumbens and related regions",
"taxonomic_level": "drug class",
"scope_population": "drug-exposed rodents or humans"
},
"suggested_plot_type": "heatmap"
}