Version history

{
  "kind": "infographic",
  "prompt": "BF Cell Types and Their Cortical/Subcortical Effects",
  "provider": "other",
  "raw_fields": {
    "title": "BF Cell Types and Their Cortical/Subcortical Effects",
    "papers": [
      {
        "n": 36,
        "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3979-05.2006",
        "value": "34/36 (94%) released glutamate; 6/6 co-released ACh",
        "method": "whole-cell recording + myoball assay",
        "metric": "co-transmitter release from BF cholinergic neurons",
        "n_analyzed": 36,
        "CI_or_error": "atropine enhanced EPSCs by 25±6%; neostigmine reduced EPSCs by 37±6%",
        "text_access": "fulltext",
        "n_definition": "single BF neurons in microisland culture",
        "scope_region": "basal forebrain (cultured)",
        "study_system": "rat, microisland cultures",
        "taxonomic_level": "species (rat)",
        "scope_population": "individual cholinergic BF neurons",
        "value_source_sentence": "In 34 of 36 cells tested, a somatically generated action potential was followed by a short-latency EPSC that was blocked by 1 mM kynurenic acid, showing that they released glutamate.",
        "experimental_conditions": "single neuron autaptic connections"
      },
      {
        "n": null,
        "doi": "10.1038/s42003-024-07318-8",
        "value": "frequency-specific modulation of auditory cortex",
        "method": "optogenetics + cortical recording",
        "metric": "BF GABAergic effect on cortex",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "CI_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "mice",
        "scope_region": "auditory cortex",
        "study_system": "mice, optogenetics",
        "taxonomic_level": "species (mouse)",
        "scope_population": "cortical neurons",
        "value_source_sentence": "GABAergic neurons in basal forebrain exert frequency-specific modulation on auditory cortex and enhance auditory attention.",
        "experimental_conditions": "BF GABAergic neuron stimulation"
      },
      {
        "n": null,
        "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.017",
        "value": "cholinergic vs non-cholinergic BF neurons modulate distinct large-scale networks",
        "method": "optogenetic fMRI",
        "metric": "BF cell-type network modulation",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "CI_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "mice",
        "scope_region": "whole brain",
        "study_system": "mice, optogenetic fMRI",
        "taxonomic_level": "species (mouse)",
        "scope_population": "large-scale brain networks",
        "value_source_sentence": "it remains unclear how cholinergic and non-cholinergic BF neurons modulate large-scale functional networks",
        "experimental_conditions": "cell-type-specific BF stimulation during fMRI"
      },
      {
        "n": null,
        "doi": "10.1126/science.abb0556",
        "value": "regulate sleep homeostasis via adenosine",
        "method": "optogenetics + adenosine measurement",
        "metric": "BF glutamatergic neuron function",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "CI_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "mice",
        "scope_region": "basal forebrain and cortex",
        "study_system": "mice",
        "taxonomic_level": "species (mouse)",
        "scope_population": "BF glutamatergic neurons",
        "value_source_sentence": "Sleep and wakefulness are homeostatically regulated by a variety of factors, including adenosine.",
        "experimental_conditions": "glutamatergic BF neuron manipulation"
      },
      {
        "n": null,
        "doi": "10.3389/fncir.2023.1125071",
        "value": "co-release observed in cortically-projecting and hippocampal-projecting BF neurons",
        "method": "gene expression analysis",
        "metric": "ACh-GABA co-release from BF neurons",
        "n_analyzed": null,
        "CI_or_error": null,
        "text_access": "abstract_only",
        "n_definition": "mice, developmental analysis",
        "scope_region": "basal forebrain, medial septum",
        "study_system": "mice",
        "taxonomic_level": "species (mouse)",
        "scope_population": "cholinergic neurons co-expressing GABAergic markers",
        "value_source_sentence": "Acetylcholine and GABA are often co-released, including from VIP-expressing neurons of the cortex, cortically-projecting neurons of the globus pallidus externus and basal forebrain, and hippocampal-projecting neurons of the medial septum.",
        "experimental_conditions": "developmental time series"
      }
    ],
    "comparison_id": "fig_sec4_bf_cell_types_functional",
    "comparison_type": "cross-study functional comparison",
    "homogeneity_check": {
      "caveats": [
        "Different BF cell types targeted (cholinergic vs GABAergic vs glutamatergic)",
        "Different readouts: single-cell transmitter release vs cortical LFP vs whole-brain fMRI",
        "Mixed preparation types: culture vs in vivo",
        "This comparison is intentionally heterogeneous - it maps the functional diversity of BF cell types, not comparable measurements",
        "Figure should be presented as a summary heatmap/schematic, not as quantitative bars"
      ],
      "comparable": false
    },
    "suggested_plot_type": "heatmap"
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    "paper:paper-51a312bb1690",
    "paper:paper-751042e17e2a",
    "paper:paper-9fd53bd28bb3",
    "paper:paper-ade9450d3b73"
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  "section_title": "Acetylcholine: Brain-Wide Modulation of Attention, Memory, and Cortical State",
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