{
"papers": [
{
"n": 0,
"doi": "10.1117/1.nph.11.3.035007",
"value": "~12",
"method": "2P voltage imaging modeling",
"metric": "max simultaneous neurons (2P, SNR=10, >300 µm)",
"n_analyzed": "",
"ci_or_error": "",
"text_access": "abstract_only",
"n_definition": "upper-bound count from biophysical model",
"scope_region": "mouse cortex",
"study_system": "Mouse cortex (model)",
"taxonomic_level": "broad category",
"scope_population": "voltage indicator cells",
"value_source_sentence": "2P voltage imaging using an 80-MHz source can record from no more than ∼ 12 neurons simultaneously.",
"experimental_conditions": "JEDI-2P, SNR 10, 1 kHz, 200 mW, >300 µm depth"
},
{
"n": 0,
"doi": "10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.013",
"value": ">400 µm",
"method": "2P voltage imaging (ULoVE)",
"metric": "spike detection depth (ULoVE)",
"n_analyzed": "",
"ci_or_error": "",
"text_access": "abstract_only",
"n_definition": "max imaging depth with single-spike detection",
"scope_region": "mouse cortex",
"study_system": "Awake mouse cortex",
"taxonomic_level": "broad category",
"scope_population": "individual cortical neurons",
"value_source_sentence": "Finally, ULoVE recording of JEDI-2P can robustly detect spikes at depths exceeding 400 μm and report voltage correlations in pairs of neurons.",
"experimental_conditions": "JEDI-2P, ULoVE random-access 2P"
},
{
"n": 0,
"doi": "10.1364/boe.576516",
"value": "530 Hz",
"method": "Miniaturized widefield voltage imaging",
"metric": "miniaturized widefield frame rate",
"n_analyzed": "",
"ci_or_error": "SNR >3",
"text_access": "abstract_only",
"n_definition": "frame rate of imaging system",
"scope_region": "mouse cortex",
"study_system": "In vivo mouse",
"taxonomic_level": "broad category",
"scope_population": "Voltron2-expressing cells",
"value_source_sentence": "We show it is capable of imaging <i>in vivo</i> voltage spikes from Voltron2 with a spike peak-to-noise ratio >3 at a framerate of 530 Hz.",
"experimental_conditions": "Voltron2, 250 µm FOV, 16.4 g headpiece"
},
{
"n": 0,
"doi": "10.1016/j.crmeth.2025.101221",
"value": "400 Hz",
"method": "Miniaturized 2P voltage imaging",
"metric": "voltage frame rate (freely moving)",
"n_analyzed": "",
"ci_or_error": "",
"text_access": "abstract_only",
"n_definition": "voltage-imaging frame rate",
"scope_region": "mouse cortex",
"study_system": "Freely moving mouse cortex",
"taxonomic_level": "broad category",
"scope_population": "GEVI-expressing cells",
"value_source_sentence": "The increased speed of M-MINI2Ps also enables two-photon voltage imaging at 400 Hz over a 380 × 150 μm<sup>2</sup> FOV in freely moving mice.",
"experimental_conditions": "M-MINI2P miniature 2P, 380×150 µm² FOV"
}
],
"audit_issues": [
{
"dimension": "metric_definition",
"description": "Rows report different quantities on the y-axis (max simultaneous neurons, max imaging depth, frame rate). A 'grouped bar' over heterogeneous quantities is not a valid comparison.",
"entries_affected": [
"10.1117/1.nph.11.3.035007",
"10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.013",
"10.1364/boe.576516",
"10.1016/j.crmeth.2025.101221"
]
},
{
"dimension": "study_system",
"description": "One row is a biophysical model upper bound (10.1117/1.nph.11.3.035007); others are empirical 2P/widefield voltage imaging.",
"entries_affected": [
"10.1117/1.nph.11.3.035007"
]
}
],
"audit_verdict": "SPLIT",
"comparison_id": "2p-voltage-imaging-limits",
"comparison_name": "Present-day depth, neuron-count, and frame-rate of in-vivo 2P voltage imaging in mouse cortex",
"comparison_type": "convergent evidence",
"what_it_reveals": "Quantifies the present envelope (yield, depth, frame rate) of 2P/widefield voltage imaging in mouse cortex relevant to E→E claims.",
"homogeneity_check": {
"caveats": [
"Metrics are heterogeneous (neuron count vs depth vs frame rate); pooled only as a depiction of the resolution envelope, not a single comparable quantity.",
"One row is a biophysical-model upper bound rather than empirical measurement (10.1117/1.nph.11.3.035007)."
],
"n_definition_uniform": "false",
"scope_region_uniform": "true",
"taxonomic_level_uniform": "true",
"scope_population_uniform": "false"
},
"suggested_plot_type": "grouped bar",
"mandatory_caption_caveats": [
"Rows do not share a metric (neuron count vs. depth vs. frame rate); the figure should be read as a multi-axis envelope, not a single comparable quantity.",
"One row is a biophysical model upper bound; others are empirical measurements.",
"Phase 7 writer: SPLIT verdict — implement as: Split into separate panels by quantity (neuron count, depth, frame rate) or convert to a table where each row reports all three quantities. Clearly distinguish model upper bounds from empirical measurements."
]
}