Version history

{
  "kind": "infographic",
  "prompt": "The PV-SST mutual inhibition is a critical cortical microcircuit motif. Cross-study comparison reveals the asymmetry of this connection (SST→PV typically stronger than PV→SST) and how it varies across conditions.",
  "provider": "other",
  "raw_fields": {
    "papers": [
      {
        "doi": "10.1101/2024.07.09.602783",
        "value": "NMDAR-dependent nonlinear integration in SST-INs vs passive integration in PV-INs",
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Morabito2024",
        "condition": "mouse, visual cortex, in vitro and in vivo (awake), two-photon imaging, electrophysiology",
        "study_system": "mouse, visual cortex, in vitro and in vivo (awake), two-photon imaging, electrophysiology",
        "value_source_sentence": "We found that somatostatin (SST)-INs exhibit NMDAR-dependent dendritic integration and uniform synapse density along the dendritic tree. In contrast, dendrites of parvalbumin (PV)-INs exhibit passive synaptic integration coupled with proximally enriched synaptic distributions."
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1523/eneuro.0441-21.2022",
        "value": "18%",
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Fernandez2022",
        "condition": "mouse, neocortex, visual cortex, in vitro",
        "study_system": "mouse, neocortex, visual cortex, in vitro",
        "value_source_sentence": "Using fluorescence-guided paired recordings in mouse brain slices from interneurons and excitatory cells in layer 2/3 mEC, we found that, unlike neocortical measures, Sst<sup>+</sup> cells inhibit each other, albeit with a lower probability than Pvalb<sup>+</sup> cells (18% vs 36% for unidirectional connections)."
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070478",
        "value": null,
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Chen2023b",
        "condition": "rat, neocortex",
        "study_system": "rat, neocortex",
        "value_source_sentence": null
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-70278-w",
        "value": null,
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Wiera2024",
        "condition": "rat, hippocampus",
        "study_system": "rat, hippocampus",
        "value_source_sentence": null
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.1963-24.2025",
        "value": "2",
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Cole2025",
        "condition": "mouse, rat, neocortex, prefrontal cortex, in vitro",
        "study_system": "mouse, rat, neocortex, prefrontal cortex, in vitro",
        "value_source_sentence": "We show that across these receptor systems, DOR activation is more effective at suppressing spontaneous inhibitory transmission in layer 2/3 of the prelimbic PFC, while MOR causes a greater acute suppression of electrically evoked GABA release, and KOR plays a minor role in inhibitory transmission."
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1007/s00702-025-02949-5",
        "value": "4 ",
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Kanigowski2025",
        "condition": "mouse, neocortex, barrel cortex, somatosensory cortex, in vitro",
        "study_system": "mouse, neocortex, barrel cortex, somatosensory cortex, in vitro",
        "value_source_sentence": "These findings suggest that enhanced inhibition by SST-INs and PV-INs may improve information processing and memory coding in L4 of the barrel cortex."
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1113/jp286439",
        "value": "68%",
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Bogaj2025",
        "condition": "mouse, rat, neocortex, somatosensory cortex, in vitro",
        "study_system": "mouse, rat, neocortex, somatosensory cortex, in vitro",
        "value_source_sentence": "Utilizing machine learning algorithms (hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis), we revealed that one VIP-IN cluster (about 68% of all VIP-INs) was sensitive to GABAbR activation."
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1007/s00424-024-02923-2",
        "value": "80%",
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Mao2024",
        "condition": "rat, neocortex",
        "study_system": "rat, neocortex",
        "value_source_sentence": "Since more than a century, neuroscientists have distinguished excitatory (glutamatergic) neurons with long-distance projections from inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons with local projections and established layer-dependent schemes for the ~ 80% excitatory (principal) cells as well as the ~ 20% inhibitory neurons."
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1007/s43440-024-00674-6",
        "value": null,
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Siwiec2024",
        "condition": "mouse, hippocampus, in vitro",
        "study_system": "mouse, hippocampus, in vitro",
        "value_source_sentence": null
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1038/s41593-025-01888-4",
        "value": null,
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "DelRosario2025",
        "condition": "mouse, rat, neocortex, visual cortex",
        "study_system": "mouse, rat, neocortex, visual cortex",
        "value_source_sentence": null
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111757",
        "value": null,
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Royero2022",
        "condition": "rat, in vitro",
        "study_system": "rat, in vitro",
        "value_source_sentence": null
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1101/2025.07.24.666602",
        "value": "1 ",
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Hinojosa2025",
        "condition": "mouse, rat, neocortex, visual cortex",
        "study_system": "mouse, rat, neocortex, visual cortex",
        "value_source_sentence": "The apparently paradoxical combination of increased PC gain but decreased synaptic strength is consistent with a state-dependent gating mechanism that boosts signals leaving V1 while simultaneously preventing disruption of the local excitatory-inhibitory balance required for stable computation."
      },
      {
        "doi": "10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114898",
        "value": null,
        "method": "electrophysiology/optogenetics",
        "metric": "PV↔SST connectivity/inhibition",
        "cite_key": "Jiang2024a",
        "condition": "rat, hippocampus",
        "study_system": "rat, hippocampus",
        "value_source_sentence": null
      }
    ],
    "comparison_id": "pv-sst-mutual-inhibition",
    "comparison_name": "PV↔SST Mutual Inhibition: Strength and Asymmetry",
    "comparison_type": "cross-study conflict",
    "what_it_reveals": "The PV-SST mutual inhibition is a critical cortical microcircuit motif. Cross-study comparison reveals the asymmetry of this connection (SST→PV typically stronger than PV→SST) and how it varies across conditions.",
    "homogeneity_check": {
      "caveats": [
        "Different cortical areas, ages, and recording conditions may affect comparison"
      ],
      "n_definition": "paired recordings",
      "scope_region": "neocortex, various areas",
      "scope_population": "PV and SST interneurons"
    },
    "suggested_plot_type": "forest plot"
  },
  "section_id": "section_06_evidence_package",
  "source_url": "https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewSST/blob/89b7e9787cd90e942b0adb531d549af3ddad30f1/evidence/section_06_evidence_package.json",
  "target_ref": "wiki_page:computationalreviewsst-06",
  "review_repo": "ComputationalReviewSST",
  "section_ref": "wiki_page:computationalreviewsst-06",
  "source_path": "evidence/section_06_evidence_package.json",
  "source_refs": [
    "paper:paper-208bbf2a3ba6",
    "paper:paper-367b1305876d",
    "paper:paper-3df4a9d9d9de",
    "paper:paper-471271479547",
    "paper:paper-642d2c187853",
    "paper:paper-6634769ed2ab",
    "paper:paper-685947f509e0",
    "paper:paper-831be156937f",
    "paper:paper-aa8c9e1de327",
    "paper:paper-ae91f869b4b3",
    "paper:paper-b5858f066921",
    "paper:paper-ce13053b2b38",
    "paper:paper-d59305f5fab0"
  ],
  "section_title": "Synaptic Properties and Connectivity",
  "source_policy": {
    "mode": "public_source_pointer_with_short_context",
    "notes": [
      "Local review repositories are read-only inputs.",
      "SciDEX stores paper metadata, structured evidence, file pointers, and short citation contexts; it does not copy full review prose."
    ],
    "source_commit_sha": "89b7e9787cd90e942b0adb531d549af3ddad30f1",
    "source_repository_url": "https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewSST"
  },
  "generation_status": "complete",
  "review_bundle_ref": "analysis_bundle:ab-8466d095488a",
  "origin_url": "https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewSST/blob/89b7e9787cd90e942b0adb531d549af3ddad30f1/evidence/section_06_evidence_package.json",
  "commit_sha": "89b7e9787cd90e942b0adb531d549af3ddad30f1",
  "created_by": "persona-jerome-lecoq-gbo-neuroscience",
  "repository_url": "https://github.com/AllenNeuralDynamics/ComputationalReviewSST"
}