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{
  "pmid": "35413241",
  "doi": "10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.018",
  "abstract": "Immune memory is tailored by cues that lymphocytes perceive during priming. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic created a situation in which nascent memory could be tracked through additional antigen exposures. Both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induce multifaceted, functional immune memory, but together, they engender improved protection from disease, termed hybrid immunity. We therefore investigated how vaccine-induced memory is shaped by previous infection. We found that following vaccination, previously infected individuals generated more SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific memory B cells and variant-neutralizing antibodies and a distinct population of IFN-γ and IL-10-expressing memory SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4+ T cells than previously naive individuals. Although additional vaccination could increase humoral memory in previously naive individuals, it did not recapitulate the distinct CD4+ T cell cytokine profile observed in previously infected subjects. Thus, imprinted features of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory lymphocytes define hybrid immunity.",
  "journal": "Cell",
  "year": 2022,
  "authors": "Lauren B. Rodda, Peter A. Morawski, Kurt B. Pruner, Mitchell L. Fahning, Christian A. Howard, Nicholas Franko et al.",
  "url": "http://www.cell.com/article/S0092867422003282/pdf",
  "pmc_id": "",
  "external_ids": {
    "doi": "10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.018",
    "pmid": "35413241",
    "pmcid": "",
    "openalex": "W4220998607"
  },
  "citation_count": 222
}