Hodge, Rebecca D. and Bakken, Trygve E. and Miller, Jeremy A. and Smith, Kimberly A. and Barkan, Eliza R. and Graybuck, Lucas T. and Close, Jennie L. and Long, Brian and Johansen, Nelson and Penn, Osnat and Yao, Zizhen and Eggermont, Jeroen and H\"{o}llt, Thomas and Levi, Boaz P. and Shehata, Soraya I. and Aevermann, Brian and Beller, Allison and Bertagnolli, Darren and Brouner, Krissy and Casper, Tamara and Cobbs, Charles and Dalley, Rachel and Dee, Nick and Ding, Song-Lin and Ellenbogen, Richard G. and Fong, Olivia and Garren, Emma and Goldy, Jeff and Gwinn, Ryder P. and Hirschstein, Daniel and Keene, C. Dirk and Keshk, Mohamed and Ko, Andrew L. and Lathia, Kanan and Mahfouz, Ahmed and Maltzer, Zoe and McGraw, Medea and Nguyen, Thuc Nghi and Nyhus, Julie and Ojemann, Jeffrey G. and Oldre, Aaron and Parry, Sheana and Reynolds, Shannon and Rimorin, Christine and Shapovalova, Nadiya V. and Somasundaram, Saroja and Szafer, Aaron and Thomsen, Elliot R. and Tieu, Michael and Quon, Gerald and Scheuermann, Richard H. and Yuste, Rafael and Sunkin, Susan M. and Lelieveldt, Boudewijn and Feng, David and Ng, Lydia and Bernard, Amy and Hawrylycz, Michael and Phillips, John W. and Tasic, Bosiljka and Zeng, Hongkui and Jones, Allan R. and Koch, Christof and Lein, Ed S.
Elucidating the cellular architecture of the human cerebral cortex is central to understanding our cognitive abilities and susceptibility to disease. Here we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis to perform a comprehensive study of cell types in the middle temporal gyrus of human cortex. We identified a highly diverse set of excitatory and inhibitory neuron types that are mostly sparse, with excitatory types being less layer-restricted than expected. Comparison to similar mouse cortex single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets revealed a surprisingly well-conserved cellular architecture that enables matching of homologous types and predictions of properties of human cell types. Despite this general conservation, we also found extensive differences between homologous human and mouse cell types, including marked alterations in proportions, laminar distributions, gene expression and morphology. These species-specific features emphasize the importance of directly studying human brain.
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