In awake mouse cortex, long-range glutamatergic projections from the cingulate…

In awake mouse cortex, long-range glutamatergic projections from the cingulate (Cg/ACA) region to V1 produce a center–surround modulatory pattern: optogenetic Cg-axon activation enhances V1 responses at the activation focus but suppresses responses at nearby V1 locations, and Cg activation improves behavioral visual discrimination.

{
  "n": 0,
  "doi": "10.1126/science.1254126",
  "claim": "In awake mouse cortex, long-range glutamatergic projections from the cingulate (Cg/ACA) region to V1 produce a center–surround modulatory pattern: optogenetic Cg-axon activation enhances V1 responses at the activation focus but suppresses responses at nearby V1 locations, and Cg activation improves behavioral visual discrimination.",
  "cite_key": "Zhang2014",
  "evidence": "In vivo single-unit recording in V1 combined with optogenetic activation of cingulate (Cg) neurons and of their long-range axons in V1; viral GABA-circuit manipulations; behavioral visual discrimination performance under Cg activation.",
  "effect_size": "Cg activation increases V1 response at focus and decreases response at neighboring V1 sites; behavioral discrimination improved",
  "text_access": "fulltext",
  "study_system": "mouse V1; long-range Cg→V1 glutamatergic projection; in vivo + behavior",
  "argument_role": "supporting",
  "replication_status": "independently_replicated",
  "claim_source_sentence": "Focal activation of Cg axons in V1 caused a response increase at the activation site but decrease at nearby locations (center-surround modulation).",
  "source_provenance_status": "ok",
  "replication_evidence_dois": [
    "10.1038/nn.4061",
    "10.1016/j.neuron.2025.10.037"
  ],
  "effect_size_source_sentence": "Optogenetic activation of Cg neurons enhanced V1 neuron responses and improved visual discrimination."
}

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