GCaMP6 indicators reliably detect single action potentials in layer 2/3 pyramid…

GCaMP6 indicators reliably detect single action potentials in layer 2/3 pyramidal somata and orientation-tuned synaptic calcium transients in individual dendritic spines of awake mouse V1, with structurally persistent spine orientation tuning stable over weeks — defining the present sensitivity ceiling for in-vivo calcium imaging in mouse cortex.

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  "claim": "GCaMP6 indicators reliably detect single action potentials in layer 2/3 pyramidal somata and orientation-tuned synaptic calcium transients in individual dendritic spines of awake mouse V1, with structurally persistent spine orientation tuning stable over weeks — defining the present sensitivity ceiling for in-vivo calcium imaging in mouse cortex.",
  "cite_key": "Chen2013",
  "evidence": "Single-spike resolution in L2/3 somata; single-spine orientation tuning resolution; week-scale longitudinal stability in mouse V1.",
  "effect_size": "single-AP detection in somata; week-scale spine tuning stability",
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  "study_system": "Awake mouse V1 layer 2/3 (two-photon calcium imaging)",
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In layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the mouse visual cortex, GCaMP6 reliably detected single action potentials in neuronal somata and orientation-tuned synaptic calcium transients in individual dendritic spines. The orientation tuning of structurally persistent spines was largely stable over timescales of weeks.

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15. Methodological limits and emerging tools — what current mouse-cortex tools cannot yet measure about E→E recurrence (subthreshold network activity, fast plasticity in vivo, millimetre-scale dynamic connectomes), and what is on the near horizon

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